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In music, timbre (/ ˈ t æ m b ər, ˈ t ɪ m-, ˈ t æ̃-/), also known as tone color or tone quality (from psychoacoustics), is the perceived sound quality of a musical note, sound or tone. Timbre distinguishes different types of sound production, such as choir voices and musical instruments.
Harold Owen bases his list on the qualities of sound: pitch, timbre, intensity, and duration [2] while John Castellini excludes duration. [3] Gordon C. Bruner II follows the line of temporal-based deductions in association with musical composition, denoting music's primary components as "time, pitch, and texture."
A sound or note of definite pitch is one where a listener can possibly (or relatively easily) discern the pitch. Sounds with definite pitch have harmonic frequency spectra or close to harmonic spectra. [11] A sound generated on any instrument produces many modes of vibration that occur simultaneously. A listener hears numerous frequencies at once.
Timbre is perceived as the quality of different sounds (e.g. the thud of a fallen rock, the whir of a drill, the tone of a musical instrument or the quality of a voice) and represents the pre-conscious allocation of a sonic identity to a sound (e.g. "it's an oboe!"). This identity is based on information gained from frequency transients ...
Traditionally in Western music, a musical tone is a steady periodic sound. A musical tone is characterized by its duration , pitch , intensity (or loudness ), and timbre (or quality). [ 1 ] The notes used in music can be more complex than musical tones, as they may include aperiodic aspects, such as attack transients , vibrato , and envelope ...
Temporal envelope (ENV) and temporal fine structure (TFS) are changes in the amplitude and frequency of sound perceived by humans over time. These temporal changes are responsible for several aspects of auditory perception, including loudness, pitch and timbre perception and spatial hearing.
Pitch is the lowness or highness of a tone, for example the difference between middle C and a higher C. The frequency of the sound waves producing a pitch can be measured precisely, but the perception of pitch is more complex because single notes from natural sources are usually a complex mix of many frequencies.
The underlying observation is that humans perceive two musical pitches as similar in color if they differ by an octave. Based on this observation, a pitch can be separated into two components, which are referred to as tone height and chroma. [1] Assuming the equal-tempered scale, one considers twelve chroma values represented by the set