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  2. Water of crystallization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_of_crystallization

    In chemistry, water(s) of crystallization or water(s) of hydration are water molecules that are present inside crystals. Water is often incorporated in the formation of crystals from aqueous solutions . [ 1 ]

  3. Mineral hydration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_hydration

    In inorganic chemistry, mineral hydration is a reaction which adds water to the crystal structure of a mineral, usually creating a new mineral, commonly called a hydrate. In geological terms, the process of mineral hydration is known as retrograde alteration and is a process occurring in retrograde metamorphism .

  4. Crystallization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization

    Crystallization is the process by which solids form, where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal. Some ways by which crystals form are precipitating from a solution , freezing , or more rarely deposition directly from a gas .

  5. Hydrate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrate

    Nonpolar molecules such as methane can form clathrate hydrates with water, especially under high pressure. Although there is no hydrogen bonding between water and guest molecules when methane is the guest molecule of the clathrate, guest–host hydrogen bonding often forms when the guest is a larger organic molecule such as tetrahydrofuran .

  6. Fractional crystallization (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_crystallization...

    In some compositions, at high pressures without water crystallization of enstatite is favored, but in the presence of water at high pressures, olivine is favored. [12] Granitic magmas provide additional examples of how melts of generally similar composition and temperature, but at different pressure, may crystallize different minerals.

  7. Crystal growth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_growth

    A crystal is a solid material whose constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. Crystal growth is a major stage of a crystallization process, and consists of the addition of new atoms, ions, or polymer strings into the characteristic arrangement of the crystalline ...

  8. Cementation (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementation_(geology)

    Large volumes of pore water must pass through sediment pores for new mineral cements to crystallize and so millions of years are generally required to complete the cementation process. Common mineral cements include calcite, quartz, and silica phases like cristobalite, iron oxides, and clay minerals; other mineral cements also occur.

  9. Magmatic water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magmatic_water

    It plays a key role in assessing the crystallization of igneous rocks, particularly silicates, as well as the rheology and evolution of magma chambers. Magma is composed of minerals, crystals and volatiles in varying relative natural abundance. [1] Magmatic differentiation varies significantly based on various factors, most notably the presence ...