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Table II-5-1-2 Aircraft approach categories do not change during day-to-day operation. To change an aircraft's category, an aircraft must be re-certified with a different maximum landing mass. [1]: II-5-1-3 Pilots may not use a lower category than the one certified, but may choose to use a higher category for higher speed approaches. [2]
Fast aircraft, for example military jets, may enter the pattern with a run-and-break (in the US, overhead maneuver or overhead break). The aircraft flies at speed along the final leg, and makes a sharp, high-G turn above midfield to lose speed and arrive on the downwind leg at pattern altitude and in landing configuration.
Turn at constant speed Approach and landing Takeoff. The speed, height and trim angle of attack are different for each flight condition, in addition, the aircraft will be configured differently, e.g. at low speed flaps may be deployed and the undercarriage may be down.
At a glance, the pilot can determine a recommended speed (V speeds) or if speed adjustments are needed. Single and multi-engine aircraft have common markings. For instance, the green arc indicates the normal operating range of the aircraft, from V S1 to V NO. The white arc indicates the flap operating range, V SO to V FE, used for approaches ...
A single-engined Cessna 150L's airspeed indicator indicating its V-speeds in knots. In aviation, V-speeds are standard terms used to define airspeeds important or useful to the operation of all aircraft. [1] These speeds are derived from data obtained by aircraft designers and manufacturers during flight testing for aircraft type-certification.
In navigation, the heading of a vessel or aircraft is the compass direction in which the craft's bow or nose is pointed. Note that the heading may not necessarily be the direction that the vehicle actually travels, which is known as its course .
ADF uses non-directional beacons (NDBs) on the ground to drive a display which shows the direction of the beacon from the aircraft. The pilot may use this bearing to draw a line on the map to show the bearing from the beacon. By using a second beacon, two lines may be drawn to locate the aircraft at the intersection of the lines.
Terminal Procedure with Approach Intersections In aviation , an intersection is a virtual navigational fix that helps aircraft maintain their flight plan . It is usually defined as the intersection (in the geometrical sense) of two VOR ( V HF O mnidirectional R ange) radials .
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