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The gaff enables a fore-and-aft sail to be four sided, rather than triangular. A gaff rig typically carries 25 percent more sail than an equivalent Bermuda rig for a given hull design. [2] A sail hoisted from a gaff is called a gaff-rigged (or, less commonly, gaff rigged or gaffrigged) sail. [3]
The tensioned portion of the rope would fasten the ship to the quay, hoist a foresail, lift a spar into position on the mast or be used to transfer cargo to or from a dock or lighter. A capstan is a vertical- axled rotating machine developed for use on sailing ships to multiply the pulling force of sailors when hauling ropes, cables , and hawsers .
The masts of a full-rigged ship, from bow to stern, are: [2] Foremast, which is the second tallest mast; Mainmast, the tallest; Mizzenmast, the third tallest; Jiggermast, which may not be present but will be fourth tallest if so; If the masts are of wood, each mast is in three or more pieces. They are (in order, from bottom up): [3] The mast or ...
Tonnage is a measure of the capacity of a ship, and is commonly used to assess fees on commercial shipping.The term derives from the taxation paid on tuns or casks of wine. In modern maritime usage, "tonnage" specifically refers to a calculation of the volume or cargo volume of a ship.
Since Aiviq is an anchor handling tug and supply vessel, she is fitted with a large towing winch located amidships as well as chain lockers and storage tanks for both liquid and dry bulk cargo under the main deck. [61] Her gross tonnage is 12,892, net tonnage 3,867 and deadweight tonnage 4,129 tonnes. [1]
Early attempts at creating rating rules were based on the British "old tonnage measurement" system to calculate the volume of the hold of large commercial ships. It gave the vessel's carrying capacity in tons (at 35 cubic feet per ton) or, as some believe, in tuns .
Bitts are paired vertical wooden or metal posts mounted either aboard a ship or on a wharf, pier, or quay. The posts are used to secure mooring lines, ropes, hawsers, or cables. [1] Bitts aboard wooden sailing ships (sometime called cable-bitts) were large vertical timbers mortised into the keel and used as the anchor cable attachment point. [2]
Gross tonnage is calculated by measuring a ship's volume (from keel to funnel, to the outside of the hull framing) and applying a mathematical formula. Gross tonnage (GT, G.T. or gt) is a nonlinear measure of a ship's overall internal volume. Gross tonnage is different from gross register tonnage. [1]