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These multiple follicles can be taken out by oocyte retrieval (egg collection) for use in in vitro fertilisation (IVF), or be given time to ovulate, resulting in superovulation which is the ovulation of a larger-than-normal number of eggs, [2] generally in the sense of at least two.
The underlying mechanism is that, with the GnRH antagonist protocol, initial follicular recruitment and selection is undertaken by endogenous endocrine factors prior to starting the exogenous hyperstimulation, resulting in a smaller number of growing follicles when compared with the standard long GnRH agonist protocol. [9]
Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, which is generally part of in vitro fertilization, and the aim is generally to develop multiple follicles (optimally between 11 and 14 antral follicles measuring 2–8 mm in diameter), [medical citation needed] followed by transvaginal oocyte retrieval, co-incubation, followed by embryo transfer of a maximum ...
In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process of fertilisation in which an egg is combined with sperm in vitro ("in glass"). The process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman's ovulatory process , then removing an ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from her ovaries and enabling a man's sperm to fertilise them in a culture medium in a laboratory.
In vitro maturation (IVM) is the technique of letting the contents of ovarian follicles and the oocytes inside mature in vitro. It can be offered to women with infertility problems, combined with In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), offering women pregnancy without ovarian stimulation.
The isolated follicles are then encapsulated within a 3D matrix and cultured for up to 4 weeks. [7] The material used has to meet biosafety and clinically compatible standards, such as adequate protection and support of the follicles and adaptability to human body temperature, if artificial ovaries are to be transplanted into a patient. [5]
A Brief Biology Breakdown. Here’s what scientists do know: The ovaries are oblong glands each about the size of a kiwi. They’re responsible for the production and secretion of at least two ...
Oocytes are then able to mature within the follicle through meiosis. In humans with ovaries, this process occurs continuously, as they are born with a finite number of follicles (between 500,000-1,000,000 follicles), and about 99% of follicles undergo atresia. [4] Only one follicle will be mature enough to release an egg and may be fertilized. [5]