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Congenital blindness is a hereditary disease and can be treated by gene therapy. Visual loss in children or infants can occur either at the prenatal stage (during the time of conception or intrauterine period) or postnatal stage (immediately after birth). [3] There are multiple possible causes of congenital blindness.
Congenital cataracts are responsible for nearly 10% of all vision loss in children worldwide. Congenital cataracts are one of the most common treatable causes of visual impairment and blindness during infancy, with an estimated prevalence of 1 to 6 cases per 10,000 live births.
Congenital cataracts are defined as the presence of lens opacification during childhood. [2] About 1.14 million children in the world are blind. [ 3 ] Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness in children.
Globally, the number children with blindness is approximately 1.4 million, representing 4% of the global blind population, and an additional 17.5 million are at risk of developing poor vision. [31] Although this number is significantly lower than the number of blind adults, the estimated economic and social burden of blindness for children is ...
ONH is the single leading cause of permanent legal blindness in children in the western world. [12] The incidence of ONH is increasing, although it is difficult to estimate the true prevalence. Between 1980 and 1999, the occurrences of ONH in Sweden increased four-fold to 7.2 per 100,000, while all other causes of childhood blindness had declined.
Norrie disease is a rare X-linked recessive genetic disorder that primarily affects the eyes and almost always leads to blindness.It is caused by mutations in the Norrin cystine knot growth factor gene, also referred to as Norrie Disease Pseudoglioma (NDP) gene.
Coats' disease is a rare congenital, nonhereditary eye disorder, causing full or partial blindness, characterized by abnormal development of blood vessels behind the retina. Coats' disease can also fall under glaucoma. It can have a similar presentation to that of retinoblastoma. [1]
US musical legend Ray Charles, who was totally blind by age 7, had probably been afflicted with glaucoma and may have had buphthalmos early in life. [6] The blindness of saxophonist Rahsaan Roland Kirk (1935-1977) is noted on his 1952 leaving report card from Ohio State School for the Blind as caused by bupthalmos. [7]