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According to Swami Parmeshwaranand, although the avatars of Vishnu are countless in number and include hermits, Manus, sons of Manus, and other Devas (Hindu Deity), due to a curse by the Rishi Bhrigu, most are only partial (i.e. incomplete) incarnations. The Dashavatara is a list of the ten complete (i.e., full) incarnations.
Kalki is an avatara of Vishnu. Avatar means "descent", and refers to a descent of the divine into the material realm of human existence. Kalki appears for the first time in the Mahabharata. [16] The Garuda Purana lists ten incarnations, with Kalki being the final one. [17] He is described as the incarnation who appears at the end of the Kali Yuga.
Varying lists of avatars of Vishnu appear in Hindu scriptures, including the ten Dashavatara of the Garuda Purana and the twenty-two avatars in the Bhagavata Purana, though the latter adds that the incarnations of Vishnu are innumerable. [10] The avatars of Vishnu are important in Vaishnavism theology.
Ten incarnations of Vishnu (Matsya, Kurma, Varaha, Vamana, Balarama, Krishna, Kalki, Buddha, Parshurama, Rama & Narasimha). Painting from Jaipur , now at the Victoria and Albert Museum In Hinduism , incarnation refers to its rebirth doctrine, and in its theistic traditions to avatar . [ 38 ]
Vishnu is known as The Preserver within the Trimurti, the triple deity of supreme divinity that includes Brahma and Shiva. [15] [16] In Vaishnavism, Vishnu is the supreme Lord who creates, protects, and transforms the universe.
Buddhists traditionally do not accept the Buddha to be a Vishnu avatar. [6] [34] B. R. Ambedkar, an Indian scholar and the Dalit leader who in 1935 declared his intention to convert from Hinduism to Buddhism and converted about 20 years later, rejected the belief that Buddha was an incarnation of Vishnu.
The belief in the supremacy of Vishnu is based upon the many avatars (incarnations) of Vishnu listed in the Puranic texts, which differs from other Hindu deities such as Ganesha, Surya, or Durga. To the devotees of the Sri Vaishnava Sampradaya, "Lord Vishnu is the Supreme Being and the foundation of all existence."
Gautama Buddha is mentioned as an Avatar of Vishnu in the Puranic texts of Hinduism. [8] In the Bhagavata Purana he is twenty fourth of twenty five avatars, prefiguring a forthcoming final incarnation. A number of Hindu traditions portray Buddha as the most recent of ten principal avatars, known as the Dashavatara (Ten Incarnations of God).