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The following is a list of the world's oldest surviving physical documents. Each entry is the most ancient of each language or civilization. For example, the Narmer Palette may be the most ancient from Egypt, but there are many other surviving written documents from Egypt later than the Narmer Palette but still more ancient than the Missal of Silos.
The earliest literary author known by name is Enheduanna, a Sumerian priestess and public figure dating to c. the 24th century BC. [2] Certain literary texts are difficult to date, such as the Egyptian Book of the Dead, which was recorded in the Papyrus of Ani around 1240 BC, but other versions of the book probably date from about the 18th ...
Although there is no exact date known, between 618 and 907 CE —the period of the Tang Dynasty— the first printing of books started in China. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] The oldest extant printed book is a work of the Diamond Sutra and dates back to 868 CE, during the Tang Dynasty. [ 16 ]
The 104-page Crosby-Schøyen Codex from Egypt was written by a single scribe over 40 years, dating back to 250–350 AD.
Although the first known text by native speakers dates to 1885, the first record of the language is a list of words recorded in 1793 by Alexander MacKenzie. 1885: Motu: grammar by W.G. Lawes: 1886: Guugu Yimidhirr: notes by Johann Flierl, Wilhelm Poland and Georg Schwarz, culminating in Walter Roth's The Structure of the Koko Yimidir Language ...
If a man knocks out the eye of another man, he shall weigh out half a mina of silver. (15) If a man has cut off another man's foot, he is to pay ten shekels. (16) If a man, in the course of a scuffle, smashed the limb of another man with a club, he shall pay one mina of silver. (17)
The cover on the surviving volume of the metal type edition records in French "The oldest known Korean book printed with molded type, with 1377 as date", written by Maurice Courant. The lines are not straight, but askew. The difference of the thickness of ink color shown on drawn letter paper is large, and spots often occur.
Sumerian literature is the oldest known literature, written in Sumer. Types of literature were not clearly defined, and all Sumerian literature incorporated poetic aspects. Sumerian poems demonstrate basic elements of poetry, including lines, imagery, and metaphor. Humans, gods, talking animals, and inanimate objects were all incorporated as ...