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The general definition of a qubit as the quantum state of a two-level quantum system.In quantum computing, a qubit (/ ˈ k juː b ɪ t /) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information—the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically realized with a two-state device.
The purpose of quantum computing focuses on building an information theory with the features of quantum mechanics: instead of encoding a binary unit of information (), which can be switched to 1 or 0, a quantum binary unit of information (qubit) can simultaneously turn to be 0 and 1 at the same time, thanks to the phenomenon called superposition.
[1] [2] A logical qubit is a physical or abstract qubit that performs as specified in a quantum algorithm or quantum circuit [3] subject to unitary transformations, has a long enough coherence time to be usable by quantum logic gates (c.f. propagation delay for classical logic gates). [1] [4] [5]
The number of dimensions of the Hilbert spaces depends on what kind of quantum systems the register is composed of. Qubits are 2-dimensional complex spaces ( C 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} ^{2}} ), while qutrits are 3-dimensional complex spaces ( C 3 {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} ^{3}} ), etc.
For many years, the fields of quantum mechanics and computer science formed distinct academic communities. [1] Modern quantum theory developed in the 1920s to explain perplexing physical phenomena observed at atomic scales, [2] [3] and digital computers emerged in the following decades to replace human computers for tedious calculations. [4]
A qutrit (or quantum trit) is a unit of quantum information that is realized by a 3-level quantum system, that may be in a superposition of three mutually orthogonal quantum states. [ 1 ] The qutrit is analogous to the classical radix -3 trit , just as the qubit , a quantum system described by a superposition of two orthogonal states, is ...
Example: The Hadamard transform on a 3-qubit register | . Here the amplitude for each measurable state is 1 ⁄ 2. The probability to observe any state is the square of the absolute value of the measurable states amplitude, which in the above example means that there is one in four that we observe any one of the individual four cases.
One important property of the fluxonium qubit is the longer qubit lifetime at the half flux sweet spot, which can exceed 1 millisecond. [ 24 ] [ 25 ] Another crucial advantage of the fluxonium qubit biased at the sweet spot is the large anharmonicity, which allows fast local microwave control and mitigates spectral crowding problems, leading to ...