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2. Propulsive efficiency - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propulsive_efficiency

   The propulsive efficiency is always less than one, because conservation of momentum requires that the exhaust have some of the kinetic energy, and the propulsive mechanism (whether propeller, jet exhaust, or ducted fan) is never perfectly efficient. It is greatly dependent on exhaust expulsion velocity and airspeed.

3. Ducted fan - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducted_fan

   In aeronautics, a ducted fan is a thrust-generating mechanical fan or propeller mounted within a cylindrical duct or shroud. Other terms include ducted propeller or shrouded propeller . [ 1 ] When used in vertical takeoff and landing ( VTOL ) applications it is also known as a shrouded rotor .

4. Airbreathing jet engine - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbreathing_jet_engine

   All practical airbreathing jet engines heat the air by burning fuel. [1] Alternatively a heat exchanger may be used, as in a nuclear-powered jet engine. [6] Most modern jet engines are turbofans, which are more fuel efficient than turbojets because the thrust supplied by the gas turbine is augmented by bypass air passing through a ducted fan. [4]

5. Propfan - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propfan

   A propfan, also called an open rotor engine, open fan engine [1] [2] or unducted fan (as opposed to a ducted fan), is a type of aircraft engine related in concept to both the turboprop and turbofan, but distinct from both. The design is intended to offer the speed and performance of a turbofan, with the fuel economy of a turboprop.

6. Ducted propeller - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducted_propeller

   A ducted propeller, also known as a Kort nozzle, is a marine propeller fitted with a non-rotating nozzle. It is used to improve the efficiency of the propeller and is especially used on heavily loaded propellers or propellers with limited diameter. It was developed first by Luigi Stipa (1931) and later by Ludwig Kort (1934). The Kort nozzle is ...

7. Aircraft engine - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_engine

   A turbofan engine is much the same as a turbojet, but with an enlarged fan at the front that provides thrust in much the same way as a ducted propeller, resulting in improved fuel efficiency. Though the fan creates thrust like a propeller, the surrounding duct frees it from many of the restrictions that limit propeller performance.