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Unsupervised learning is a framework in machine learning where, in contrast to supervised learning, algorithms learn patterns exclusively from unlabeled data. [1] Other frameworks in the spectrum of supervisions include weak- or semi-supervision , where a small portion of the data is tagged, and self-supervision .
High-quality labeled training datasets for supervised and semi-supervised machine learning algorithms are usually difficult and expensive to produce because of the large amount of time needed to label the data. Although they do not need to be labeled, high-quality datasets for unsupervised learning can also be difficult and costly to produce ...
AlphaZero is a generic reinforcement learning algorithm – originally devised for the game of go – that achieved superior results within a few hours, searching a thousand times fewer positions, given no domain knowledge except the rules."
An autoencoder is a type of artificial neural network used to learn efficient codings of unlabeled data (unsupervised learning).An autoencoder learns two functions: an encoding function that transforms the input data, and a decoding function that recreates the input data from the encoded representation.
A self-organizing map (SOM) or self-organizing feature map (SOFM) is an unsupervised machine learning technique used to produce a low-dimensional (typically two-dimensional) representation of a higher-dimensional data set while preserving the topological structure of the data.
R, G are weights used by the wake-sleep algorithm to modify data inside the layers. The wake-sleep algorithm [1] is an unsupervised learning algorithm for deep generative models, especially Helmholtz Machines. [2] The algorithm is similar to the expectation-maximization algorithm, [3] and optimizes the model likelihood for observed data. [4]
Conceptual clustering is a machine learning paradigm for unsupervised classification that has been defined by Ryszard S. Michalski in 1980 (Fisher 1987, Michalski 1980) and developed mainly during the 1980s.
ELKI is an open-source Java data mining toolkit that contains several anomaly detection algorithms, as well as index acceleration for them. PyOD is an open-source Python library developed specifically for anomaly detection. [54] scikit-learn is an open-source Python library that contains some algorithms for unsupervised anomaly detection.