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Austria was occupied by the Allies and declared independent from Nazi Germany on 27 April 1945 (confirmed by the Berlin Declaration for Germany on 5 June 1945), as a result of the Vienna offensive. The occupation ended when the Austrian State Treaty came into force on 27 July 1955.
Negotiations with the Soviet foreign minister, Molotov, secured the breakthrough in February 1955. [3] After Austrian promises of perpetual neutrality, Austria was accorded full independence on 15 May 1955, and the last occupation troops left on 25 October that year.
Allied occupation zones in Austria, 1945–1955. This article lists the administrators of Allied-occupied Austria, which represented the Allies of World War II in Allied-occupied Austria (German: Alliierten-besetztes Österreich) from the end of World War II in Europe in 1945 [1] [2] [3] until the re-establishment of Austrian independence in 1955, in accordance with the Austrian State Treaty.
Formally, the declaration was promulgated voluntarily by the Republic of Austria. Politically, it was the direct consequence of the allied occupation by the Soviet Union, the United States, the United Kingdom, and France between 1945 and 1955, from which the country was freed by the Austrian State Treaty of 15 May the same year.
USIA operations declined since 1951. Between 1951 and 1955, over a hundred of its enterprises were shut down or merged. [16] In 1955 Austria became an independent state and the Soviet Union withdrew its troops. The assets of USIA were sold to the Austrian government for 150 million US dollars, paid with goods over six years.
The Soviet occupation of Austria lasted from 1945 to 1955. [43] At the end of the war, Austria and Vienna were divided into 4 zones of occupation, following the terms of the Potsdam Conference . The Soviet Union expropriated over 450 businesses, formerly German-owned, and established Administration for Soviet Property in Austria , or USIA.
[10] [11] After the liberation of Vienna and the capitulation of Nazi Germany in 1945, Austria restored its republican form of government. [12] However, Austria remained under allied occupation until 1955 [13] and thus the country's sovereignty was ultimately still held by the Allied Control Council.
"Austria – the Nazis' first victim" was a political slogan first used at the Moscow Conference in 1943 which went on to become the ideological basis for Austria and the national self-consciousness of Austrians during the periods of the allied occupation of 1945-1955 and the sovereign state of the Second Austrian Republic (1955–1980s [37 ...