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The most common jellyfish involved is the Carukia barnesi, a species of Irukandji jellyfish. [4] Those stung may experience severe or even excruciating pain. The syndrome was given its name in 1952 by Hugo Flecker, after the Aboriginal Irukandji people who live in Palm Cove, north of Cairns, Queensland, Australia, where stings are common. [6]
John Handyside (Jack) Barnes MBE (1922–1985) was a physician and toxinologist in Queensland, Australia. Born in Charleville he is known for his research on the box jellyfish . In 1961, Barnes confirmed the cause of the Irukandji syndrome was a sting from a small box jellyfish : the Irukandji jellyfish , which can fire venom-filled stingers ...
Carukia barnesi is an extremely venomous jellyfish found near Australia. Stings can result in Irukandji syndrome, and this species is commonly known as Irukandji jellyfish, although this name does not distinguish it from other Irukandji jellyfish such as Malo kingi. A mature C. barnesi's bell is only 12 by 30 millimetres (0.47 by 1.18 in) in ...
A scale illustration of an Irukandji jellyfish and its tentacles.Below the jelly's medusa bell are two polyp forms of the species.. Irukandji jellyfish are very small, with a bell about 5 millimetres (0.20 in) to 25 millimetres (0.98 in) wide and four long tentacles, which range in length from just a few centimetres up to 1 metre (3.3 ft) in length.
Irukandji are rarely found outside Queensland, the Northern Territory and Western Australia.Between 1985 and 1997 from cases of Irukandji sting where location was recorded, there were 83.4% in Queensland, 9.1% in the Northern Territory, and 7.5% in Western Australia; 81.5% of cases occurred in the afternoon. [3]
Irukandji stings are the highest occupational safety hazard for Marine industries in Australia and the Indo-Pacific Ocean. [4] The known "Irukandji" jellies include species: Malo maxima, Malo kingi, Carukia shinju, Carybdea xaymacana, Alatina mordens, Gerongia rikinae, and Morbakka fenneri. Malo jellies release venom from the tips of the nematocyst
In 1945, he described another jellyfish envenoming which he named the "Irukandji Syndrome", later identified as caused by the box jellyfish species Carukia barnesi. [42] In Australia, fatalities are most often caused by the largest species of this class of jellyfish, Chironex fleckeri, one of the world's most venomous creatures. [42]
The sting of all Irukandji Jellyfish is believed to cause Irukandji Syndrome and can be potentially fatal, however the sting of the Malo maxima is the most dangerous of the Malo species. Only two types of species have the venom to cause Irukandji syndrome, the Irukandji Jellyfish and the Box Jelly. The Box Jelly is extremely more venomous than ...