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Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (IPA: gaĕòttri t͡ʃɔkkròbòr(t)ti) FBA (born 24 February 1942) is an Indian scholar, literary theorist, and feminist critic. [1] She is a University Professor at Columbia University and a founding member of the establishment's Institute for Comparative Literature and Society.
The terms subaltern and subaltern studies entered the vocabulary of post-colonial studies through the works of the Subaltern Studies Group of historians who explored the political-actor role of the common people who constitute the mass population, rather than re-explore the political-actor roles of the social and economic elites in the history ...
Subalternation [1] [2] is an immediate inference which is only made between A (All S are P) and I (Some S are P) categorical propositions and between E (No S are P or originally, No S is P) and O (Some S are not P or originally, Not every S is P) categorical propositions of the traditional square of opposition and the original square of opposition. [3]
Furthermore, essentialism can occasionally be applied—by the so-described people—to facilitate the subaltern's communication in being heeded, heard, and understood, because strategic essentialism (a fixed and established subaltern identity) is more readily grasped, and accepted, by the popular majority, in the course of inter-group discourse.
When the subaltern do attempt to speak, their voices are frequently distorted, appropriated, or dismissed in ways that prevent genuine understanding or empathy. This concept adds a crucial layer to the discussion, underscoring that truth-telling in power-laden structures is often filtered or dismissed, thus limiting its impact.
Gaile Pohlhaus Jr. points to Gayatri Chakrovorty Spivak's 1988 essay "Can the Subaltern Speak?" as another anticipation. In that essay, Spivak describes what she calls epistemic violence occurring when subaltern persons are prevented from speaking for themselves about their own interests because of others claiming to know what those interests ...
The Subaltern Studies Group (SSG) or Subaltern Studies Collective is a group of South Asian scholars interested in postcolonial and post-imperial societies. [1] The term Subaltern Studies is sometimes also applied more broadly to others who share many of their views and they are often considered to be "exemplary of postcolonial studies" and as one of the most influential movements in the field ...
Subaltern (military), a primarily British and Commonwealth military term for a junior officer; Subaltern (postcolonialism), colonial populations who are outside the hierarchy of power; Subalternation, going from a universal proposition to a particular proposition in logic "A Subaltern", the author listed in William Cobbett's "The Soldier's Friend"