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Human ethology is the study of human behavior. Ethology as a discipline is generally thought of as a sub-category of biology, though psychological theories have been developed based on ethological ideas (e.g. sociobiology, evolutionary psychology, attachment theory, and theories about human universals such as gender differences, incest avoidance, mourning, hierarchy and pursuit of possession).
The term non-human has been used to describe computer programs and robot-like devices that display some human-like characteristics. In both science fiction and in the real world, computer programs and robots have been built to perform tasks that require human-computer interactions in a manner that suggests sentience and compassion.
Even compared with other social animals, humans have an unusually high degree of flexibility in their facial expressions. [291] Humans are the only animals known to cry emotional tears. [292] Humans are one of the few animals able to self-recognize in mirror tests [293] and there is also debate over to what extent humans are the only animals ...
The main characters in myths are usually non-humans, such as gods, demigods, and other supernatural figures. [32] [3] [33] [34] Others include humans, animals, or combinations in their classification of myth. [35] Stories of everyday humans, although often of leaders of some type, are usually contained in legends, as opposed to myths.
If adult animals associate with other adults, they are not called subsocial, but are ranked in some other classification according to their social behaviours. If occasionally associating or nesting with other adults is a taxon's most social behaviour, then members of those populations are said to be solitary but social .
Tribalism has a very adaptive effect in human evolution. Humans are social animals and ill-equipped to live on their own. [11] Tribalism and social bonding help to keep individuals committed to the group, even when personal relations may fray. That keeps individuals from wandering off or joining other groups.
Critical posthumanism "rejects both human exceptionalism (the idea that humans are unique creatures) and human instrumentalism (that humans have a right to control the natural world)". [53] These contrasting views on the importance of human beings are the main distinctions between the two subjects.
The term hyperprosociality does not occur often in the field of psychology, but it is still of great importance. The foundational work by Roy F. Baumeister [7] gives an overview of the different reasons why humans have developed a complex culture and communication.