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Injection site reactions (ISRs) are reactions that occur at the site of injection of a drug. They may be mild or severe and may or may not require medical intervention. Some reactions may appear immediately after injection, and some may be delayed. [1] Such reactions can occur with subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous administration.
The first is a local reaction of itchiness, eczema-like texture, indurated erythema on the skin at the injection site. The second is a generalized reaction that can show up as a skin lesion resembling a cyst. The localized reaction takes 4–14 days to develop and can take months to heal. [12]
The most common side effects for ofatumumab (Kesimpta) include upper respiratory tract infection, headache, injection-related reactions, and local injection site reactions. [9] The most common side effects for ofatumumab (Arzerra) include infusion reactions and neutropenia. [14]
Eczema vaccinatum is a serious medical condition that requires immediate and intensive medical care. Therapy has been supportive, such as antibiotics, fluid replacement, antipyretics and analgesics, skin healing, etc.; vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) could be very useful but supplies may be deficient as of 2006.
Fixed drug reactions are common and so named because they recur at the same site with each exposure to a particular medication. [1] Medications inducing fixed drug eruptions are usually those taken intermittently.
Arthus reactions (type III hypersensitivity reactions) are rarely reported after vaccination and can occur after tetanus toxoid–containing or diphtheria toxoid–containing vaccines. An Arthus reaction is a local vasculitis associated with deposition of immune complexes and activation of complement.
An injection site reaction on the upper left arm. Side effects may include a lump at the injection site (injection site reaction) in approximately 30% of users, and aches, fever, chills (flu-like symptoms) in approximately 10% of users. [12] Side effect symptoms are generally mild in nature.
The coagulation cascade.. Warfarin necrosis usually occurs three to five days after drug therapy is begun, and a high initial dose increases the risk of its development. [3]: 122 Warfarin-induced necrosis can develop both at sites of local injection and - when infused intravenously - in a widespread pattern.