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Then, starting in 1935, commercially produced tablets of yeast-extract vitamin B complex and semi-synthetic vitamin C became available. [8] This was followed in the 1950s by the mass production and marketing of vitamin supplements , including multivitamins , to prevent vitamin deficiencies in the general population. [ 8 ]
Vitamin B 12 is the most chemically complex of all vitamins, [6] and for humans the only vitamin that must be sourced from animal-derived foods or supplements. [ 2 ] [ 7 ] Only some archaea and bacteria can synthesize vitamin B 12 . [ 8 ]
Vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) is produced industrially by exposing 7-dehydrocholesterol to UVB and UVC light, followed by purification. The 7-dehydrocholesterol is sourced as an extraction from lanolin, a waxy skin secretion in sheep's wool. [189] Vitamin D 2 (ergocalciferol) is produced in a similar way using ergosterol from yeast as a ...
Vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 helps regulate the immune system.It spurs the production of white blood cells and T-cells that help your body fight bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances.
The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin B12 is 0.9-2.4 μg/day, while the estimated average requirement in the U.S. and Canada is 0.7-2 μg/day. Elderly individuals with plasma vitamin B12 levels below 148 pmol/L are considered severely deficient, and those with levels between 148 and 221 pmol/L are marginally deficient.
The three vitamin precursors used in these salvage metabolic pathways are nicotinic acid (NA), nicotinamide (Nam) and nicotinamide riboside (NR). [6] These compounds can be taken up from the diet and are termed vitamin B 3 or niacin. However, these compounds are also produced within cells and by digestion of cellular NAD +.
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force say vitamin D supplements do not reduce the risk of falls or bone fractures in healthy older adults. The draft recommendation notes vitamin D can be helpful ...
Vitamin B 10: para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA or PABA), a chemical component of the folate molecule produced by plants and bacteria, and found in many foods. [ 40 ] [ 41 ] It is best known as a UV -blocking sunscreen applied to the skin, and is sometimes taken orally for certain medical conditions.
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