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Human activities affect marine life and marine habitats through overfishing, habitat loss, the introduction of invasive species, ocean pollution, ocean acidification and ocean warming. These impact marine ecosystems and food webs and may result in consequences as yet unrecognised for the biodiversity and continuation of marine life forms. [3]
While marine pollution can be obvious, as with the marine debris shown above, it is often the pollutants that cannot be seen that cause most harm.. Marine pollution occurs when substances used or spread by humans, such as industrial, agricultural and residential waste, particles, noise, excess carbon dioxide or invasive organisms enter the ocean and cause harmful effects there.
At this point, the more effective method of combating ocean pollution is keeping it from reaching the ocean to begin with through waste management and legislation to prevent further pollution . Some research has shown that certain bacteria could naturally consume plastics, but more studies are needed.
The full title of Target 14.1 is: "By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution." [1] It has one indicator: Indicator 14.1. is the "Index of coastal eutrophication and floating plastic debris density" [17]
With primary causes being warming ocean waters, ocean acidity, and pollution. [3] In 2008, a worldwide study estimated that 19% of the existing area of coral reefs had already been lost. [ 4 ] Only 46% of the world's reefs could be currently regarded as in good health [ 4 ] and about 60% of the world's reefs may be at risk due to destructive ...
Anna Du's remotely operated vehicle uses an infrared system to detect and take pictures of plastics underwater. (Photo/Anna Du) Her device currently extends 25 feet into the water, but in the ...
Warm water corals are clearly in decline, with losses of 50% over the last 30–50 years due to multiple threats from ocean warming, ocean acidification, pollution and physical damage from activities such as fishing, and these pressures are expected to intensify. [97] [82]: 416
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