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By 1770, Glasgow was the largest linen manufacturer in Britain, and in 1787, Calton, Glasgow was the site of Scotland's first industrial dispute when 7,000 weavers went on strike in protest against a 25% cut in their wages.
During the Industrial Revolution, Scotland became one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of the British Empire. [62] Beginning about 1790 the most important industry in the west of Scotland became textiles, especially the spinning and weaving of cotton, which flourished until the American Civil War in 1861 cut off the ...
In 1451, the University of Glasgow was founded by papal bull and established in religious buildings in the precincts of Glasgow Cathedral. By the start of the 16th century, Glasgow had become an important religious and academic city and by the 17th century the university had moved from the cathedral precincts to its own building in the High Street.
1725: Glasgow occupied by General Wade's army; protests and street violence against liquor tax; 1726: Daniel Defoe describes Glasgow as "The cleanest and best-built city in Britain"; 50 ships a year sail to America; 1729: The Glasgow Journal newspaper is published; 1730: The Glasgow Linen Society is formed; 1735: The city's ship-owners own 67 ships
Scotland in the modern era, from the end of the Jacobite risings and beginnings of industrialisation in the 18th century to the present day, has played a major part in the economic, military and political history of the United Kingdom, British Empire and Europe, while recurring issues over the status of Scotland, its status and identity have dominated political debate.
Most of them became poorly paid teachers or ministers, and none became important figures in the Scottish Enlightenment or the Industrial Revolution. [ 202 ] By the 18th century there were five universities in Scotland, at Edinburgh , Glasgow , St. Andrews and King's and Marischial Colleges in Aberdeen, compared with only two in England.
The Industrial Revolution transformed the scale of Scottish towns, making Glasgow the "second city of the Empire", [18] growing from a population of 77,385 in 1801 to 274,324 by 1841. [19] Between 1780 and 1830 three middle class "new towns" were laid out on grid-iron plans, similar to those in Edinburgh, to the south and west of the old town. [20]
Glasgow Cathedral (St Kentigern's, begun 1123) consecrated in the presence of David I. 1153: Somerled sacks Glasgow and its vicinity. 1156: Somerled defeats the Norse King of Mann and the Isles, establishing his own semi-independent rule as ri Innse Gall-King of the Hebrides. 1164: Somerled is defeated by Malcolm IV in the Battle of Renfrew. 1174