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The United States federal government chartered and owned corporations operate to provide public services. Unlike government agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, or independent commissions, such as the Federal Communications Commission, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and others, they have a separate legal personality from the federal government.
For the purposes of International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) and Export Administration Regulations (EAR), a United States entity is so defined: [1]... a U.S. entity is a firm incorporated in the United States (or an unincorporated U.S. firm with its principal place of business in the United States) that is controlled by U.S. citizens or by another U.S. entity.
For example, in the United States in the 19th century, a corporation might be chartered by a public entity, such as a municipality, for a very specific purpose (for example, constructing New York's Central Park) with significant constraints on its purpose, task, and duration. Such a corporation would then often cease to exist after its purpose ...
Corporatocracy [a] or corpocracy is an economic, political and judicial system controlled or influenced by business corporations or corporate interests. [ 1 ] The concept has been used in explanations of bank bailouts , excessive pay for CEOs , and the exploitation of national treasuries, people, and natural resources . [ 2 ]
The US government's Bureau of Economic Analysis as of Q3 2023 estimates $10,007.7 billion in annual total government expenditure and $27,610.1 billion annual total GDP which is 36.2%. [1] This government total excludes spending by "government enterprises" which sell goods and services "to households and businesses in a market transaction."
The First Bank of the United States was chartered in 1791 by the US Congress to raise money for the government and create a common currency (alongside a federal excise tax and the US Mint). It had private investors (not government owned), but faced opposition from southern politicians who feared federal power overtaking state power.
Foreign individuals and corporations not resident in the United States are subject to federal income tax only on income from a U.S. business and certain types of income from U.S. sources. [52] States tax individuals resident outside the state and corporations organized outside the state only on wages or business income within the state.
In the United States, forming a corporation usually required an act of legislation until the late 19th century. Many private firms, such as Carnegie's steel company and Rockefeller's Standard Oil, avoided the corporate model for this reason (as a trust). State governments began to adopt more permissive corporate laws from the early 19th century ...