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Authoritative parents rely on positive reinforcement and infrequent use of punishment. Parents are more aware of a child's feelings and capabilities and support the development of a child's autonomy within reasonable limits. There is a give-and-take atmosphere involved in parent-child communication, and both control and support are balanced.
Father and children reading. According to a literature review by Christopher Spera (2005), Darling and Steinberg (1993) suggest that it is important to better understand the differences between parenting styles and parenting practices: "Parenting practices are defined as specific behaviors that parents use to socialize their children", while parenting style is "the emotional climate in which ...
A study published in July found that over 40% of self-identified gentle parents teeter toward burnout and self-doubt because of the pressure to meet parenting standards.
She provided an overview on highly researched topics on parenting and adolescent development, such as the impact of parenting on adolescent peer and romantic relationships; gene-environment interactions in parenting research, the impact of parenting on adolescent brain development; and parents' involvement in adolescents' social media usage.
Parenting is a human universal across time and culture, and the construct connects with psychological development, socialization of children, education, health (including when either person in the parent-child dyad experiences other illness or injury), and a wealth of other issues.
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Authoritative: this parenting style is characterized by high demandingness with huge responsiveness. The authoritative parent is firm but not rigid, willing to make an exception when the situation warrants. The authoritative parent is responsive to the child's needs but not indulgent. Baumrind makes it clear that she favors the authoritative style.
Parenting style contributes to child well-being in the domains of social competence, academic performance, psychosocial development, and problem behavior. [22] Research based on parent interviews, child reports, and parent observations consistently finds that: Children and adolescents whose parents are authoritative rate themselves and are ...