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First, serotonin system dysfunction cannot be the sole cause of depression, because not all patients treated with antidepressants show improvement, despite the fact that most patients still show a rapid increase in synaptic serotonin. Second, if significant mood improvements do occur, this is often not for at least two to four weeks.
Depression is commonly attributed to a deficiency in monoamines, such as serotonin. The monoamine hypothesis of depression suggests that depression is primarily caused by a deficiency of several monoamines, namely serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. [2] This hypothesis is widely accepted due to its simplicity. [3]
Serotonin (/ ˌ s ɛr ə ˈ t oʊ n ɪ n, ˌ s ɪər ə-/) [6] [7] [8] or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter.Its biological function is complex, touching on diverse functions including mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and numerous physiological processes such as vomiting and vasoconstriction.
NHS figures show that the number of people in England taking antidepressants continues to rise, with 8.3m patients receiving them in 2021/22.
Low serotonin levels have been linked to many physical and psychological symptoms, according to Healthline. However, scientists are unsure what actually causes serotonin deficiency.
Despite its longstanding prominence in pharmaceutical advertising, the idea that low serotonin levels cause depression is not supported by scientific evidence. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] One interpretation is that depression manifests due to an imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain, resulting in feelings of worthlessness and despair.
While there’s no one definitive “cause” of depression, one thing researchers have picked up on over time is that low serotonin levels may be associated with it.
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter involved in multiple complex biological processes including aggression, pain, sleep, appetite, anxiety, depression, migraine, and vomiting. [10] In humans the effects of excess serotonin were first noted in 1960 in patients receiving an MAOI and tryptophan. [54] The syndrome is caused by increased serotonin in ...
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