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Nigeria has three different climate zones: a Sahelian hot and semi-arid climate in the north, a tropical monsoon climate in the south, and a tropical savannah environment in the center regions. [25] While the core regions only get one rainy and one dry season, the southern parts see heavy rainfall from March to October.
Nigeria's climate is influenced by its geographical location, topography, and the interactions of various air masses. [7] Nigeria is situated in West Africa, between latitudes 4°N and 14°N, and longitudes 2°E and 14°E. [8] It experiences a tropical climate characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. [9]
Nigeria experiences a warm tropical climate with relatively high temperatures typical of the tropics and two distinct seasons: the dry and wet seasons. While the extreme southern tip of the country hardly experiences a dry season, the northeastern part has a wet season lasting no longer than three months.
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A climate modeling study by the World Weather Attribution project estimated that the floods were rendered far more likely and much more intense by climate change. They modeled the June to September rainfall in the Lake Chad and lower Niger river catchment areas, looking at total rainfall and intense rain weeks.
Desertification is one of the issues of environmental concern in Nigeria, particularly the northern part of the country. According to UNEP [4] in 1993, Northern Nigeria has one of the highest rates of deforestation in the world at about 3.5%, caused by land degradation, increase in agricultural intensity, over-grazing of livestock, and demand for fuel by cutting down trees.
Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa; a residence for more than 206 million people. [1] Hunger is one of the major issues that affect the citizens. 40% (82 million people) of the citizens live below the International Poverty Line of $1.90 daily, whilst another 25% are vulnerable.
Deforestation in Nigeria is influenced by various factors, including climate change (albeit a minor fraction), logging, biotic agents, and manual deforestation by individuals and organisations. Primary drivers include agriculture expansion, logging, legal and illegal, and urbanisation. [44]