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A contrast agent (or contrast medium) is a substance used to increase the contrast of structures or fluids within the body in medical imaging. [1] Contrast agents absorb or alter external electromagnetism or ultrasound , which is different from radiopharmaceuticals , which emit radiation themselves.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is the application of ultrasound contrast medium to traditional medical sonography. Ultrasound contrast agents rely on the different ways in which sound waves are reflected from interfaces between substances. This may be the surface of a small air bubble or a more complex structure.
The most common example of molecular imaging used clinically today is to inject a contrast agent (e.g., a microbubble, metal ion, or radioactive isotope) into a patient's bloodstream and to use an imaging modality (e.g., ultrasound, MRI, CT, PET) to track its movement in the body.
Contrast agents with therapeutic properties have been under development for several years. [8] One example is the design of contrast agents capable of releasing a chemotherapeutic agent locally at the target site, triggered by a stimulus provided by the operator. This localized approach aims to increase treatment efficacy and minimize side effects.
Ultrasound Contrast Agents: Approved in the US and Europe [8] [28] [9] [29] C 4 F 10-1.9: Bubble: Perfluorobutane: Sonazoid: Daiichi Sankyo: Ultrasound Contrast Agent: Approved in Japan, [10] available in Korea, Norway, Taiwan, and China [30] C 5 F 12: 29: Bubble and/or Droplet: Dodecafluoropentane Emulsion, DDFPe: NanO 2, NVX-108, NVX-208 ...
Iodinated contrast contains iodine.It is the main type of radiocontrast used for intravenous administration.Iodine has a particular advantage as a contrast agent for radiography because its innermost electron ("k-shell") binding energy is 33.2 keV, similar to the average energy of x-rays used in diagnostic radiography.
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