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On 29 July 1850, the Diocese of Oregon City was elevated to an archdiocese with Archbishop Blanchet continuing to serve as its first archbishop. [3] In 1850, Pius IX erected seats at Monterey and Santa Fe in the Spanish-Mexican territories recently added to the United States and in Savannah, Wheeling, and Nesqually, and made the Indian Territory a vicariate under a bishop.
Pope Pius IX (Italian: Pio IX; born Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti; [a] 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878. His reign of nearly 32 years is the longest verified of any pope in history.
The Popes and European Revolution. Oxford University Press. Hales, E.E.Y., Revolution and Papacy, Doubleday & Co., 1960. Hutton, William Holden. 1908. The age of revolution: being an outline of the history of the church from 1648-1815. Matsumoto-Best, Saho.2003. Britain and the Papacy in the Age of Revolution 1846-1851. Royal Historical Society.
Plaque commemorating the popes buried in St. Peter's Basilica (their names in Latin and the year of their burial). This chronological list of popes of the Catholic Church corresponds to that given in the Annuario Pontificio under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici Romani" (The Roman Supreme Pontiffs), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as antipopes.
In the United States, Catholic slaveholders generally ignored the papal pronouncement and continued to participate in the institution of slavery. [35] 1842: The University of Notre Dame is founded in Notre Dame, Indiana, by Edward Sorin of the Congregation of Holy Cross. 1846: Pope Pius IX begins his reign.
During the Civil War, American bishops continued to allow slave-owners to take communion. Some, like former priest Charles Chiniquy, claimed that Pope Pius IX was behind the Confederate cause, that the American Civil War was a plot against the United States of America by the Vatican. The Catholic Church, having by its very nature a universal ...
The Roman Republic (Italian: Repubblica Romana) was a short-lived state declared on 9 February 1849, when the government of the Papal States was temporarily replaced by a republican government due to Pope Pius IX's departure to Gaeta. The republic was led by Carlo Armellini, Giuseppe Mazzini, and Aurelio Saffi.
The Faithful: A History of Catholics in America (2008) Thomas, J. Douglas. "A Century of American Catholic History." US Catholic Historian (1987): 25–49. in JSTOR; Woods, James M. A History of the Catholic Church in the American South, 1513-1900 (University Press of Florida, 2011); 512 pp. ISBN 978-0-8130-3532-1.