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Bacteriophage MS2 (Emesvirus zinderi), commonly called MS2, is an icosahedral, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that infects the bacterium Escherichia coli and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae. [1] MS2 is a member of a family of closely related bacterial viruses that includes bacteriophage f2, bacteriophage Qβ, R17, and GA. [2]
The phi X 174 (or ΦX174) bacteriophage is a single-stranded DNA virus that infects Escherichia coli. This virus was isolated in 1935 by Nicolas Bulgakov [1] in Félix d'Hérelle's laboratory at the Pasteur Institute, from samples collected in Paris sewers. Its characterization and the study of its replication mechanism were carried out from ...
Structural model at atomic resolution of bacteriophage T4 [1] The structure of a typical myovirus bacteriophage Anatomy and infection cycle of bacteriophage T4.. A bacteriophage (/ b æ k ˈ t ɪər i oʊ f eɪ dʒ /), also known informally as a phage (/ ˈ f eɪ dʒ /), is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea.
This can occur when viruses infect cells simultaneously and studies of viral evolution have shown that recombination has been rampant in the species studied. [69] Recombination is common to both RNA and DNA viruses. [70] [71] Coronaviruses have a single-strand positive-sense RNA genome.
The following four genera have been proposed for positive sense single stranded RNA satellite viruses that infect plants—Albetovirus, Aumaivirus, Papanivirus and Virtovirus. [33] A family—Sarthroviridae which includes the genus Macronovirus—has been proposed for the positive sense single stranded RNA satellite viruses that infect arthropods.
The genome contains 48,502 [7] base pairs of double-stranded, linear DNA, with 12-base single-strand segments at both 5' ends. [8] These two single-stranded segments are the "sticky ends" of what is called the cos site. The cos site circularizes the DNA in the host cytoplasm.
In comparison, the genomes of the smallest known viruses capable of causing an infection by themselves are around 2,000 nucleotides long. [ 88 ] In 1976, Sanger et al. [ 89 ] presented evidence that potato spindle tuber viroid is a "single-stranded, covalently closed, circular RNA molecule, existing as a highly base-paired rod-like structure ...
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), [a] also called human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human orthopneumovirus, is a virus that causes infections of the respiratory tract. It is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. [2] Its name is derived from the large cells known as syncytia that form when infected cells fuse. [2] [3]