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Effort is the physical and mental energy invested when exercising an ability. [35] It depends on motivation and high motivation is associated with high effort. [36] The quality of the resulting performance depends on the ability, effort, and motivation. [32] Motivation to perform an action can be present even if the action is not executed.
The demandingness objection is a common [1] [2] argument raised against utilitarianism and other consequentialist ethical theories. The consequentialist requirement that we maximize the good impartially seems to this objection to require us to perform acts that we would normally consider optional.
More recently, Sackett elaborated on the definition of maximum performance, saying that one can view it as the level of performance an employee can "produce on demand" if exerting maximum effort for a short period of time. This means that maximum performance cannot be due purely to luck or chance.
Effort justification is an idea and paradigm in social psychology stemming from Leon Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance. [1] Effort justification is a person's tendency to attribute the value of an outcome they put effort into achieving as greater than the objective value of the outcome.
Learned helplessness is a term to explain a specific pattern of behavior that occurs in both animals and humans. When an animal or human is consistently exposed to an aversive condition (pain, unpleasant noise, etc.) and is unable to escape this condition, that animal or human will become helpless and stop attempting escape.
Philosopher William MacAskill defines longtermism as "the view that positively influencing the longterm future is a key moral priority of our time". [2] [6]: 4 He distinguishes it from strong longtermism, "the view that positively influencing the longterm future is the key moral priority of our time".
Maintaining appropriate level of detail in any body of text is a part of ensuring that the cognitive effort required by the reader is appropriate to the general subject of the written as a whole. Authors use level of detail to maintain continuity in syntactic hierarchy in texts, such as a screenplays. [3]
A number of various theories attempt to describe employee motivation within the discipline of industrial and organizational psychology.At the macro level, work motivation can be categorized into two types, endogenous process (individual, cognitive) theories and exogenous cause (environmental) theories. [8]