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Modernisation refers to a model of a progressive transition from a "pre-modern" or "traditional" to a "modern" society. [1]The theory particularly focuses on the internal factors of a country while assuming that, with assistance, traditional or pre-modern countries can be brought to development in the same manner which more developed countries have.
Modernization theory was a dominant paradigm in the social sciences in the 1950s and 1960s, and saw a resurgence after 1991, when Francis Fukuyama wrote about the end of the Cold War as confirmation of modernization theory.
Modernization theory observes traditions and pre-existing institutions of so-called "primitive" societies as obstacles to modern economic growth. Modernization which is forced from outside upon a society might induce violent and radical change, but according to modernization theorists it is generally worth this side effect.
This was primarily due to decades-long isolation of Chinese scientists from the international community, outmoded and outdated universities, and an overall lack of access to advanced scientific equipment, information technology, and management know-how. [citation needed] Deng described a xiaokang society as a goal of the Four Modernizations.
Second, it will explore how and why there has been a paradigm shift from public administration to public management. Third, it will consider future trends. Public administration is the term used to define the formal procedural and organizational arrangements under which public employees serve a government, by implementing and advising on policy ...
Modernity, a topic in the humanities and social sciences, is both a historical period (the modern era) and the ensemble of particular socio-cultural norms, attitudes and practices that arose in the wake of the Renaissance—in the Age of Reason of 17th-century thought and the 18th-century Enlightenment.
Modernization theory is the predominant explanation for the emergence of nationalism among scholars of nationalism. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Prominent modernization scholars, such as Benedict Anderson , Ernest Gellner and Eric Hobsbawm , say nationalism arose with modernization during the late 18th century. [ 4 ]
The modernization theory, growing out of U.S. scholarship, equated modernization with industrialization, development, and progress. One of the most notable contributors to the theory was Walt Whitman Rostow who developed an economic model which outlined five stages of growth for nations to follow in his essay, “The Stages of Economic Growth ...