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The price of metallurgical coal is volatile [112] and much higher than the price of thermal coal because metallurgical coal must be lower in sulfur and requires more cleaning. [113] Coal futures contracts provide coal producers and the electric power industry an important tool for hedging and risk management .
Chlorine, sulfur and carbon (as coal) are cheapest by mass. Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and chlorine are cheapest by volume at atmospheric pressure. When there is no public data on the element in its pure form, price of a compound is used, per mass of element contained. This implicitly puts the value of compounds' other constituents, and the ...
In China, coal production increased and coal imports declined. (Trends 1980–2012) The U.S. is a net exporter of coal. [51] US net coal exports increased ninefold from 2006 to 2012, peaked at 117 million short tons in 2012, and were 97 million short tons in 2017. [3] In 2015, 60% of net US exports went to Europe, 27% to Asia. [52]
At the time, coal was selling for about a quarter of the price of natural gas ($1.5 versus $5.0 per million BTU); however, the ratio has since become much smaller (as of 2010, coal has tripled in price to $4.63/mil BTU while gas is still at $5.189). [4] [6] (Natural gas is used as an alternative to thermal coal in electricity production.)
As a fossil fuel burned for heat, coal supplies about a quarter of the world's primary energy and two-fifths of its electricity. [4] The largest consumer and importer of coal is China. China mines almost half the world's coal, followed by India with about a tenth. Australia accounts for about a third of world coal exports, followed by Indonesia ...
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In Texas, the price drop of natural gas has reduced the capacity factor in 7 of the state's coal plants (max. output 8 GW), and they contribute about a quarter of the state's electricity. [26] The cost of transporting coal may be around $20/ton for trains, or $5–6/ton for barge and truck.
A coal-fired power station or coal power plant is a thermal power station which burns coal to generate electricity. Worldwide there are about 2,500 coal-fired power stations, [ 1 ] on average capable of generating a gigawatt each.