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A 2016 Cochrane review (updated in 2021) found little difference in benefit between hydromorphone and other opioids for cancer pain. [10] Common side effects include dizziness, sleepiness, nausea, itchiness, and constipation. [7] Serious side effects may include abuse, low blood pressure, seizures, respiratory depression, and serotonin syndrome ...
This is a list of opioids, opioid antagonists and inverse agonists. Opium and poppy straw derivatives ... Dibenzoylmorphine (first designer drug)
This requires them to increase their drug dosage to maintain the benefit, and that in turn also increases the unwanted side effects. [78] Long-term opioid use can cause opioid-induced hyperalgesia, which is a condition in which the patient has increased sensitivity to pain. [101] All of the opioids can cause side effects. [70]
Side effects of diacetyldihydromorphine are similar to those of other semi-synthetic opiates and fully synthetic opioids, and the most commonly reported side effects include drowsiness, nausea, and constipation. Compared to morphine, diacetyldihydromorphine produces far fewer side effects which are also often lower in intensity.
A newborn of a mother taking opioid medications regularly prior to the birth will be physically dependent. [40] [41] The baby may also exhibit respiratory depression if the opioid dose was high. [42] An epidemiological study indicated that opioid treatment during early pregnancy results in increased risk of various birth defects. [43]
Its effects last for about four to six hours. Codeine exhibits abuse potential similar to other opioid medications, including a risk of addiction and overdose. [4] Common side effects include vomiting, constipation, itchiness, lightheadedness, and drowsiness. [4] Serious side effects may include breathing difficulties and addiction. [4]
Side effects of laudanum are generally the same as with morphine, and include euphoria, dysphoria, pruritus, sedation, constipation, reduced tidal volume, respiratory depression, as well as psychological dependence, physical dependence, miosis, and xerostomia. Overdose can result in severe respiratory depression or collapse and death.
These side effects can in many instances be ameliorated or avoided at the time of drug initiation by titrating the drug from a tolerable starting dose up to the desired therapeutic dose. An important difference between nalbuphine and the pure MOR agonist opioid analgesic drugs is the "ceiling effect" on respiration (but no ceiling on the ...