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  2. Nif gene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nif_gene

    The nif genes are genes encoding enzymes involved in the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen into a form of nitrogen available to living organisms. The primary enzyme encoded by the nif genes is the nitrogenase complex which is in charge of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N 2) to other nitrogen forms such as ammonia which the organism can use for various purposes.

  3. Nitrogen fixation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_fixation

    Equipment for a study of nitrogen fixation by alpha rays (Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory, 1926) The dominant industrial method for producing ammonia is the Haber process also known as the Haber-Bosch process. [70] Fertilizer production is now the largest source of human-produced fixed nitrogen in the terrestrial ecosystem.

  4. Heterocyst - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterocyst

    Heterocysts or heterocytes are specialized nitrogen-fixing cells formed during nitrogen starvation by some filamentous cyanobacteria, such as Nostoc, Cylindrospermum, and Anabaena. [1] They fix nitrogen from dinitrogen (N 2 ) in the air using the enzyme nitrogenase , in order to provide the cells in the filament with nitrogen for biosynthesis.

  5. Nitrogenase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogenase

    Nitrogenase is an enzyme responsible for catalyzing nitrogen fixation, which is the reduction of nitrogen (N 2) to ammonia (NH 3) and a process vital to sustaining life on Earth. [9] There are three types of nitrogenase found in various nitrogen-fixing bacteria: molybdenum (Mo) nitrogenase, vanadium (V) nitrogenase , and iron-only (Fe ...

  6. Human impact on the nitrogen cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_impact_on_the...

    Human impact on the nitrogen cycle is diverse. Agricultural and industrial nitrogen (N) inputs to the environment currently exceed inputs from natural N fixation . [ 1 ] As a consequence of anthropogenic inputs, the global nitrogen cycle (Fig. 1) has been significantly altered over the past century.

  7. Gene regulatory network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_regulatory_network

    Structure of a gene regulatory network Control process of a gene regulatory network. A gene (or genetic) regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of molecular regulators that interact with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins which, in turn, determine the function of the cell.

  8. Nitrogen cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_cycle

    Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers, and release of nitrogen in wastewater have dramatically altered the global nitrogen cycle. [17] [18] [19] Human modification of the global nitrogen cycle can negatively affect the natural environment system and also human health. [20] [21]

  9. Regulation of gene expression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation_of_gene_expression

    Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, [1] includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA). Sophisticated programs of gene expression are widely observed in biology, for example to trigger developmental pathways, respond to environmental ...