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Mahmud II was born on 20 July 1785, in the month of Ramazan.He was the son of Abdul Hamid I and his Seventh consort Nakşidil Kadin.He was the youngest son of his father, and the second child of his mother, he had an elder brother, Şehzade Seyfullah Murad, two years older than him, and a younger sister, Saliha Sultan, one year younger than him, both dead in infancy.
This desire was left on hold, however, as he consolidated his rule over Egypt, modernizing its government administration, public services, and armed forces, and suppressing various rebellions, including Mamluk and Wahhabi uprisings—on behalf of Sultan Mahmud II. [2] The Attack of Ibrahim Pasha against Messolonghi by Giuseppe Mazzola
A few days after the battle the Ottoman Sultan, Mahmud II, died, leaving his Empire in the hands of his 16-year-old heir Abdülmecid. Meanwhile, the Ottoman fleet had defected to Muhammad Ali. Meanwhile, the Ottoman fleet had defected to Muhammad Ali.
By 1826, the sultan was ready to move against the Janissary in favor of a more modern military. Mahmud II incited them to revolt on purpose, describing it as the sultan's "coup against the Janissaries". The sultan informed them, through a fatwa, that he was forming a new army, organized and trained along modern European lines. As predicted ...
After Napoleon’s withdrawal, he aligned himself with Omar Makram, the leader of Egyptian resistance against the French, rose to power with his Albanian troops, and forced the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II to recognise him as Wāli (Governor) of Egypt in 1805.
In response, the Ottoman sultan, Mahmud II, ordered Muhammad 'Ali, governor of Egypt, to attack the Wahhabi state in December 1807. [21] Ali had embarked on an extensive modernisation program that included a significant expansion of Egypt's military forces.
The Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II ordered the governor of Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pasha, to retake the territories controlled by the Wahhabi rebels, starting the Ottoman–Wahhabi War. Muhammad Ali Pasha's son, Ibrahim Pasha, defeated the rebel clans at the Battle of Diriyah in 1818.
Mahmud II died almost immediately after the battle took place and was succeeded by sixteen-year-old Abdülmecid. At this point, Ali and Ibrahim began to argue about which course to follow; Ibrahim favoured conquering the Ottoman capital and demanding the imperial seat while Muhammad Ali was inclined simply to demand numerous concessions of ...