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In mathematical economics, the Arrow–Debreu model is a theoretical general equilibrium model. It posits that under certain economic assumptions ( convex preferences , perfect competition , and demand independence), there must be a set of prices such that aggregate supplies will equal aggregate demands for every commodity in the economy.
The equilibrium model of group development (equilibrium model) is a sociological theory on how people behave in groups. The model theorizes that group members will work to maintain a balance, or equilibrium, between task-oriented (instrumental) and socio-emotional (expressive) needs. [1] [2] A group can be successful if it maintains this ...
The natural system model is in many ways the opposite of the rational model in that it focuses on the activities that may negatively impact the organization and therefore aims at maintaining an equilibrium in order to meet its goals. [6] The Natural System model views organizations as an organic organism which is holistically interconnected.
Real business-cycle theory (RBC theory) is a class of new classical macroeconomics models in which business-cycle fluctuations are accounted for by real, in contrast to nominal, shocks. [1] RBC theory sees business cycle fluctuations as the efficient response to exogenous changes in the real economic environment.
Walras's law is a consequence of finite budgets. If a consumer spends more on good A then they must spend and therefore demand less of good B, reducing B's price. The sum of the values of excess demands across all markets must equal zero, whether or not the economy is in a general equilibrium.
This is opposed to a partial equilibrium, where price levels are taken as given and only output levels are determined within the model economy. Equilibrium: In accordance with Léon Walras's General Competitive Equilibrium Theory, the model captures the interaction between policy actions and behaviour of agents. [6]
The structural equilibrium model can be solved using the GE package in R. Below, we illustrate the above structural equilibrium model through a linear programming example, [16] with the following assumptions: (1) There are 3 types of primary factors, with quantities given by = (,,). These 3 primary factors can be used to produce a type of product.
Equilibrium may also be economy-wide or general, as opposed to the partial equilibrium of a single market. Equilibrium can change if there is a change in demand or supply conditions. For example, an increase in supply will disrupt the equilibrium, leading to lower prices. Eventually, a new equilibrium will be attained in most markets.