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Parinaud's syndrome is a cluster of abnormalities of eye movement and pupil dysfunction, characterized by: Paralysis of upwards gaze: Downward gaze is usually preserved. This vertical palsy is supranuclear , so doll's head maneuver should elevate the eyes, but eventually all upward gaze mechanisms fail.
Frequently, paralysis of upward gaze along with several ocular findings such as convergence retraction nystagmus and eyelid retraction also known as Collier's sign and Light Near Dissociation (pupil accommodates but doesn't react to light) are known collectively as Parinaud's syndrome [1] or Dorsal Mid-brain syndrome, are the only physical ...
The most common cause of POS is cat-scratch disease, an infectious disease that typically results from a scratch or bite from a cat. However, this syndrome is an unusual feature of cat-scratch disease. In rare cases, other infections may also cause the syndrome. [1] Bartonella henselae [2] Francisella tularensis [3] Herpes simplex virus type 1 [4]
Parinaud's syndrome, which can mimic some aspects of spasm of the near reflex, such as excessive accommodation and convergence; however, pupillary near-light dissociation, not miosis, is a feature of Parinaud's syndrome. [8]
One and a half syndrome; Other names: On-and-a-half syndrome: Diagram of normal eye movement compared to left one-and-a-half syndrome (i.e. left lateral gaze palsy, with left Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (inability to adduct)) Causes: Demyelinating disease, e.g. Multiple sclerosis; Infarction; Infections, e.g. Brainstem encephalitis and ...
The symptoms and signs associated with convergence insufficiency are related to prolonged, visually demanding, near-centered tasks. They may include, but are not limited to, diplopia (double vision), asthenopia (eye strain), transient blurred vision, difficulty sustaining near-visual function, abnormal fatigue, headache, and abnormal postural adaptation, among others.
The cause of congenital fourth nerve palsy is unclear in most cases. It may be neurogenic in origin, due to a dysgenesis of the CN IV nucleus or nerve, but a clinically similar palsy may result from absence or mechanical dysfunction (e.g., abnormal laxity) of the superior oblique tendon. Usually unilateral, congenital fourth nerve palsies can ...
The poor prognosis is predominantly attributed to the serious impact this condition has on the quality of life. [3] The average age at symptoms onset is 63 and survival from onset averages seven years with a wide variance. [55] Pneumonia is a frequent cause of death, often caused by accidental aspiration of food particles. [56]