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The main element of the core model is the perceptual model which is calculated four times using different parameters in order to cope with different major distortion types. Those distortion types can be split into additive distortions and subtracted distortions. For both types a further distinction is made between very strong and weaker effects.
An audio analyzer is a test and measurement instrument used to objectively quantify the audio performance of electronic and electro-acoustical devices. Audio quality metrics cover a wide variety of parameters, including level, gain, noise, harmonic and intermodulation distortion, frequency response, relative phase of signals, interchannel crosstalk, and more.
It is difficult, but very important, to match sound levels before comparing systems, as minute increases in loudness—more than 0.15 dB [11] or 0.1 dB [12] —have been demonstrated to cause perceived improvements in sound quality. Listening tests are subjected to many variables, and results are notoriously unreliable.
Many audio components are tested for performance using objective and quantifiable measurements, e.g., THD, dynamic range and frequency response. Some take the view that objective measurements are useful and often relate well to subjective performance, i.e., the sound quality as experienced by the listener. [12]
Dynamic range in analog audio is the difference between low-level thermal noise in the electronic circuitry and high-level signal saturation resulting in increased distortion and, if pushed higher, clipping. [23] Multiple noise processes determine the noise floor of a system.
MUSHRA stands for Multiple Stimuli with Hidden Reference and Anchor and is a methodology for conducting a codec listening test to evaluate the perceived quality of the output from lossy audio compression algorithms. It is defined by ITU-R recommendation BS.1534-3. [1] The MUSHRA methodology is recommended for assessing "intermediate audio quality".
Perceptual Evaluation of Audio Quality (PEAQ) is a standardized algorithm for objectively measuring perceived audio quality, developed in 1994–1998 by a joint venture of experts within Task Group 6Q of the International Telecommunication Union's Radiocommunication Sector . It was originally released as ITU-R Recommendation BS.1387 in 1998 and ...
Delivered Audio Quality, abbreviated as DAQ, is a measure of audio quality over a transmission medium. This metric is often used to quantify the quality of audio heard over a radio system. DAQ levels are defined by the following scale. DAQ 1: Unusable. Speech present but not understandable. DAQ 2: Speech understandable with considerable effort.