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DNS hijacking, DNS poisoning, or DNS redirection is the practice of subverting the resolution of Domain Name System (DNS) queries. [1] This can be achieved by malware that overrides a computer's TCP/IP configuration to point at a rogue DNS server under the control of an attacker, or through modifying the behaviour of a trusted DNS server so that it does not comply with internet standards.
Many cache poisoning attacks against DNS servers can be prevented by being less trusting of the information passed to them by other DNS servers, and ignoring any DNS records passed back that are not directly relevant to the query. For example, versions of BIND 9.5.0-P1 [5] and above perform these checks. [6]
More worrisome than host-file attacks is the compromise of a local network router. Since most routers specify a trusted DNS to clients as they join the network, misinformation here will spoil lookups for the entire LAN. Unlike host-file rewrites, local-router compromise is difficult to detect.
Two common varieties are DNS cache poisoning [2] and ARP cache poisoning. Web cache poisoning involves the poisoning of web caches [3] (which has led to security issues in programming languages, including all Python versions at the time in 2021, and expedited security updates [4]). Attacks on other, more specific, caches also exist. [5] [6] [7]
Nevertheless, DDoS attacks on the root zone are taken seriously as a risk by the operators of the root nameservers, and they continue to upgrade the capacity and DDoS mitigation capabilities of their infrastructure to resist any future attacks. An effective attack against DNS might involve targeting top-level domain servers (such as those ...
Instead, other implementers assumed that DNS's time to live (TTL) field would limit a guesser to only a few attempts a day. [25] Kaminsky's attack bypassed this TTL defense by targeting "sibling" names like "83.example.com" instead of "www.example.com" directly. Because the name was unique, it had no entry in the cache, and thus no TTL.
Domain hijacking can be done in several ways, generally by unauthorized access to, or exploiting a vulnerability in the domain name registrar's system, through social engineering, or getting into the domain owner's email account that is associated with the domain name registration.
BIND, the most popular DNS name server (which includes dig), incorporates the newer DNSSEC-bis (DS records) protocol as well as support for NSEC3 records. Unbound is a DNS name server that was written from the ground up to be designed around DNSSEC concepts. mysqlBind, the GPL DNS management software for DNS ASPs, now supports DNSSEC.