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They react aggressively with the halogens to form the alkali metal halides, which are white ionic crystalline compounds that are all soluble in water except lithium fluoride (LiF). [5] The alkali metals also react with water to form strongly alkaline hydroxides and thus should be handled with great care. The heavier alkali metals react more ...
The halogens can all react with metals to form metal halides according to the following equation: 2M + nX 2 → 2MX n. where M is the metal, X is the halogen, and MX n is the metal halide. Sample of silver chloride. In practice, this type of reaction may be very exothermic, hence impractical as a preparative technique.
Group 1: Alkali metals Reaction of sodium (Na) and water Reaction of potassium (K) in water. The alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr) are the most reactive metals in the periodic table - they all react vigorously or even explosively with cold water, resulting in the displacement of hydrogen.
Reaction with halogens. Ca + Cl 2 → CaCl 2. Anhydrous calcium chloride is a hygroscopic substance that is used as a desiccant. Exposed to air, it will absorb water vapour from the air, forming a solution. This property is known as deliquescence. Reaction with oxygen. Ca + 1/2O 2 → CaO Mg + 1/2O 2 → MgO. Reaction with sulfur. Ca + 1/8S 8 ...
Alkali metal halides, or alkali halides, are the family of inorganic compounds with the chemical formula MX, where M is an alkali metal and X is a halogen. These compounds are the often commercially significant sources of these metals and halides. The best known of these compounds is sodium chloride, table salt. [1]
The alkali metals combine directly with halogens under appropriate conditions forming halides of the general formula, MX (X = F, Cl, Br or I). Many salts are halides; the hal-syllable in halide and halite reflects this correlation. All Group 1 metals form halides that are white solids at room temperature. [2]
The hydrogen-halogen reactions get gradually less reactive toward the heavier halogens. A fluorine-hydrogen reaction is explosive even when it is dark and cold. A chlorine-hydrogen reaction is also explosive, but only in the presence of light and heat. A bromine-hydrogen reaction is even less explosive; it is explosive only when exposed to flames.
The order of reactivity, as shown by the vigour of the reaction with water or the speed at which the metal surface tarnishes in air, appears to be Cs > K > Na > Li > alkaline earth metals, i.e., alkali metals > alkaline earth metals, the same as the reverse order of the (gas-phase) ionization energies.