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Sucrose (table sugar) is the prototypical example of a sweet substance. Sucrose in solution has a sweetness perception rating of 1, and other substances are rated relative to this. [ 13 ] For example, another sugar, fructose , is somewhat sweeter, being rated at 1.7 times the sweetness of sucrose. [ 13 ]
Xylitol is used as a sugar substitute in such manufactured products as drugs, dietary supplements, confections, toothpaste, and chewing gum, but is not a common household sweetener. [ 5 ] [ 7 ] [ 15 ] Xylitol has negligible effects on blood sugar because its assimilation and metabolism are independent of insulin . [ 15 ]
Sugar alcohols can be, and often are, produced from renewable resources.Particular feedstocks are starch, cellulose and hemicellulose; the main conversion technologies use H 2 as the reagent: hydrogenolysis, i.e. the cleavage of C−O single bonds, converting polymers to smaller molecules, and hydrogenation of C=O double bonds, converting sugars to sugar alcohols.
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Arabic on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Arabic in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
Since Arabic lacks a verb meaning "to have", constructions using li-, ‘inda, and ma‘a with the pronominal suffixes are used to describe possession. For example: عنده بيت (ʿindahu bayt) – literally: At him (is) a house. → He has a house. For the negation of Arabic verbs, see Negation in Arabic.
Xylitol pentacetate is an organic compound with the formula C 15 H 22 O 10. It is an acetylated sugar alcohol that is used as an intermediary in the production of xylitol pentanitrate . [ 2 ] It is also commonly made to isolate and identify xylitol from complex organic mixtures.
Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Modern Written Arabic (MWA) [3] is the variety of standardized, literary Arabic that developed in the Arab world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, [4] [5] and in some usages also the variety of spoken Arabic that approximates this written standard. [6]
In chemistry, an alcohol (from Arabic al-kuḥl 'the kohl'), [2] is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl (−OH) functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Alcohols range from the simple, like methanol and ethanol , to complex, like sugars and cholesterol .