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The twisted nematic effect (TN-effect) was a major technological breakthrough that made the manufacture of large, thin liquid crystal displays practical and cost competitive. Unlike earlier flat-panel displays, TN-cells did not require a current to flow for operation and used low operating voltages suitable for use with batteries.
A STN (super-twisted nematic) display is a type of liquid-crystal display (LCD). An LCD is a flat-panel display that uses liquid crystals to change its properties when exposed to an electric field, which can be used to create images. This change is called the twisted nematic (TN) field effect. Earlier TN displays twisted the liquid crystal ...
The twisted nematic (TN) display is one of the oldest and frequently cheapest kind of liquid crystal display technologies. TN displays have fast pixel response times and less smearing than other types of LCDs like IPS displays, but suffer from poor color reproduction and limited viewing angles, especially in the vertical direction. When viewed ...
On December 4, 1970, the twisted nematic field effect (TN) in liquid crystals was filed for patent by Hoffmann-LaRoche in Switzerland, (Swiss patent No. 532 261 Archived March 9, 2021, at the Wayback Machine) with Wolfgang Helfrich and Martin Schadt (then working for the Central Research Laboratories) listed as inventors. [24]
To obtain the 90 degree twisted nematic structure of the LC layer between the two glass plates without an applied electric field (OFF state), the inner surfaces of the glass plates are treated to align the bordering LC molecules at a right angle. This molecular structure is practically the same as in TN LCDs.
Apart from his pioneering work on the TN-effect (i.e.e twisted nematic field effect), novel liquid crystal materials, organic semiconductors and biophysics, he invented or co-invented the following effects and technologies: first organic light-emitting diode (OLED) (1969 as post-doc at Canada's NRC; US patent 3,621,321), Kerr effect in LCs (1972),
James Edgar Yarbrough, 79, of Arlington, Tennessee. Contributing: Gabe Hauari, Joey Garrison, USA TODAY. This story has been updated with additional information.
non-twisted configurations with dichroic dyes [1] electrically controlled birefringence, ECB twisted configurations with dichroic dyes twisted nematic field-effect, [2] TN supertwisted nematic effects, STN, the total twist is > 90° SBE (supertwisted birefringence effect) [3] DSTN: double layer STN effect