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[55] [56] By the 1990s, telecommunication networks such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN) had been largely digitized with very-large-scale integration (VLSI) CMOS PCM codec-filters, widely used in electronic switching systems for telephone exchanges and data transmission applications.
Long-distance technologies invented during the 20th and 21st centuries generally use electric power, and include the telegraph, telephone, television, and radio. Early telecommunication networks used metal wires as the medium for transmitting signals. These networks were used for telegraphy and telephony for many decades.
Donald Davies (1924–2000) independently invented and named the concept of packet switching for data communications in 1965 at the United Kingdom's National Physical Laboratory (NPL). [16] [9] In the same year, he proposed a national commercial data network in the UK employing high-speed switching nodes.
The history of the Internet originated in the efforts of scientists and engineers to build and interconnect computer networks.The Internet Protocol Suite, the set of rules used to communicate between networks and devices on the Internet, arose from research and development in the United States and involved international collaboration, particularly with researchers in the United Kingdom and France.
Paul Baran (born Pesach Baran / ˈ b æ r ən /; April 29, 1926 – March 26, 2011) was a Polish American engineer who was a pioneer in the development of computer networks.He was one of the two independent inventors of packet switching, which is today the dominant basis for data communications in computer networks worldwide, and went on to start several companies and develop other ...
[49] [50] WDM subsequently became the common basis of all telecommunications networks [51] and a foundation of the Internet. [52] 1997 – SixDegrees.com is launched, the first of several early social networking services. 1998 – Google, an advanced search engine, is launched. [53] 1999 – Napster peer-to-peer file sharing is launched. [36]
During 1965-67 he invented modern data communications, including packet switching, high-speed routers, layered communication protocols, hierarchical computer networks and the essence of the end-to-end principle, concepts that are used today in computer networks worldwide. He envisioned, in 1966, that there would be a "single network" for data ...
A telecommunications network is a group of nodes interconnected by telecommunications links that are used to exchange messages between the nodes. The links may use a variety of technologies based on the methodologies of circuit switching , message switching , or packet switching , to pass messages and signals.