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Sir William Henry Perkin FRS (12 March 1838 – 14 July 1907) [1] was a British chemist and entrepreneur best known for his serendipitous discovery of the first commercial synthetic organic dye, mauveine, made from aniline.
The Bessemer process, invented by Sir Henry Bessemer, allowed the mass-production of steel, increasing the scale and speed of production of this vital material, and decreasing the labor requirements. The key principle was the removal of excess carbon and other impurities from pig iron by oxidation with air blown through the molten iron.
Mauveine, also known as aniline purple and Perkin's mauve, was one of the first synthetic dyes. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It was discovered serendipitously by William Henry Perkin in 1856 while he was attempting to synthesise the phytochemical quinine for the treatment of malaria . [ 3 ]
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William Henry Perkin (1838–1907), British organic chemist and inventor of mauveine (dye) William Henry Perkin, Jr. (1860–1929), British organic chemist, son of Sir William Henry Perkin; Max Perutz (1914–2002), 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry; Eva Philbin (1914–2005), Irish chemist; David Andrew Phoenix (born 1966), British biochemist
1868: Synthesis of coumarin (one of the first synthetic perfumes), and cinnamic acid via the Perkin reaction by William Henry Perkin (1838–1907). 1893: The Weston cell developed by England-born chemist Edward Weston (1850–1936). [140] 1894: Argon discovered by English physicist John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh (1842–1919) and Scot William ...
William Henry Perkin, Jr. (organic chemist, son of Sir William Henry Perkin, studied at the Royal College of Science) Juda Hirsch Quastel (chemist) Henry Rzepa (computational organic chemist) Jeremy Sanders (chemist) Martin Schroder (chemist) Sir Richard Sykes (biochemist, Chairman of GlaxoSmithKline) Sir Henry Tizard (Chemist and inventor)
The Perkin Medal was first awarded in 1906 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the discovery of mauveine, the world's first synthetic aniline dye, by Sir William Henry Perkin, an English chemist. The award was given to Sir William on the occasion of his visit to the United States in the year before he died.