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  2. Troposphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troposphere

    The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere of Earth. It contains 80% of the total mass of the planetary atmosphere and 99% of the total mass of water vapor and aerosols, and is where most weather phenomena occur. [1] From the planetary surface of the Earth, the average height of the troposphere is 18 km (11 mi; 59,000 ft) in the ...

  3. Tropopause - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropopause

    The tropopause is the atmospheric boundary that demarcates the troposphere from the stratosphere, which are the lowest two of the five layers of the atmosphere of Earth. The tropopause is a thermodynamic gradient-stratification layer that marks the end of the troposphere, and is approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) above the equatorial regions ...

  4. Atmosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere

    The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere. This extends from the planetary surface to the bottom of the stratosphere. The troposphere contains 75–80% of the mass of the atmosphere, [9] and is the atmospheric layer wherein the weather occurs; the height of the troposphere varies between 17 km at the equator and 7.0 km at the poles.

  5. Atmospheric temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_temperature

    The troposphere is the lowest of the four layers and extends from the surface of the Earth to about 11 km (6.8 mi) into the atmosphere, where the tropopause (the boundary between the troposphere stratosphere) is located. The width of the troposphere can vary depending on latitude: for example, the troposphere is thicker in the tropics (about 16 ...

  6. Tropical cyclogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_cyclogenesis

    Tropical cyclogenesis is the development and strengthening of a tropical cyclone in the atmosphere. [1] The mechanisms through which tropical cyclogenesis occur are distinctly different from those through which temperate cyclogenesis occurs. Tropical cyclogenesis involves the development of a warm-core cyclone, due to significant convection in ...

  7. Meteorology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorology

    Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences (which include atmospheric chemistry and physics) with a major focus on weather forecasting. The study of meteorology dates back millennia, though significant progress in meteorology did not begin until the 18th century. The 19th century saw modest progress in the field after weather ...

  8. Weather - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather

    Weather is the state of the atmosphere, describing for example the degree to which it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy. [1] On Earth, most weather phenomena occur in the lowest layer of the planet's atmosphere, the troposphere, [2][3] just below the stratosphere. Weather refers to day-to-day temperature, precipitation ...

  9. Cumulonimbus cloud - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulonimbus_cloud

    Cumulonimbus (from Latin cumulus 'swell' and nimbus 'cloud') is a dense, towering, vertical cloud, [1] typically forming from water vapor condensing in the lower troposphere that builds upward carried by powerful buoyant air currents. Above the lower portions of the cumulonimbus the water vapor becomes ice crystals, such as snow and graupel ...