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Law of France. French law has a dual jurisdictional system comprising private law (droit privé), also known as judicial law, and public law (droit public). [1][2] Judicial law includes, in particular: Public law includes, in particular: Together, in practical terms, these four areas of law (civil, criminal, administrative and constitutional ...
ordinary courts (ordre judiciaire), which handle criminal and civil litigation, and. administrative courts (ordre administratif), which supervise the government and handle complaints. The structure of the French judiciary is divided into three tiers: Inferior courts of original and general jurisdiction.
The judicial system of post-Napoleonic France was an intricate system of relations between the government and the police/judicial force. Together they helped to minimize crime while successfully fulfilling the guarantees made in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen written in 1789. Crime in post-Napoleonic France was seen as ...
The contemporary national legal systems are generally based on one of four basic systems: civil law, common law, customary law, religious law or combinations of these. However, the legal system of each country is shaped by its unique history and so incorporates individual variations. [ 1 ] The science that studies law at the level of legal ...
French judiciary courts. In France the jurisdictions of the ordre judiciaire, of the French court system are empowered to try either litigation between persons or criminal law cases. They may intervene: On an exceptional basis the judiciary may also become involved in certain litigation between an individual and the State or some other public ...
Civil law is sometimes referred to as neo-Roman law, Romano-Germanic law or Continental law. The expression "civil law" is a translation of Latin jus civile, or "citizens' law", which was the late imperial term for its legal system, as opposed to the laws governing conquered peoples (jus gentium); hence, the Justinian Code's title Corpus Juris Civilis.
The French Constitution established a semi-presidentialsystem of government, with two competing readings.[5] On one hand, the executive branch has both a president of the republicand a prime minister, which is commonly seen in parliamentary systemswith a symbolic president and a prime minister who directs the government.[5] This reading is ...
Constitution of 1791, which established a parliamentary monarchy (3 September 1791). Constitution of the Year I, which was never implemented (21 June 1793). Constitution of the Year III, which instituted the Directory (5 Fructidor of Year III = 28 July 1795). Constitution of the Year VIII, which instituted the Consulate (22 Fructidor of the ...