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Specialty. Gastroenterology. An anal fissure is a break or tear in the skin of the anal canal. Anal fissures may be noticed by bright red anal bleeding on toilet paper and undergarments, or sometimes in the toilet. If acute, they are painful after defecation, [ 1 ] but with chronic fissures, pain intensity often reduces and becomes cyclical.
Lateral internal sphincterotomy is the preferred method of surgery for persons with chronic anal fissures, and is generally used when medical therapy has failed. [1] It is associated with a lower rate of side effects than older techniques such as posterior internal sphincterotomy and anoplasty, [3] and has also been shown to be superior to topical glyceryl trinitrate (GTN 0.2% ointment) in ...
General surgery. Anal fistula is a chronic abnormal communication between the anal canal and the perianal skin. [1] An anal fistula can be described as a narrow tunnel with its internal opening in the anal canal and its external opening in the skin near the anus. [2] Anal fistulae commonly occur in people with a history of anal abscesses.
Colorectal surgery. Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome or SRUS is a chronic disorder of the rectal mucosa (the lining of the rectum). [ 1 ] It commonly occurs with varying degrees of rectal prolapse. The condition is thought to be caused by different factors, such as long term constipation, straining during defecation, and dyssynergic defecation.
A fecal impaction or an impacted bowel is a solid, immobile bulk of feces that can develop in the rectum as a result of chronic constipation [ 1 ] (a related term is fecal loading which refers to a large volume of stool in the rectum of any consistency). [ 2 ] Fecal impaction is a common result of neurogenic bowel dysfunction and causes immense ...
50–66% at some time [ 1 ][ 3 ] Hemorrhoids (or haemorrhoids), also known as piles, are vascular structures in the anal canal. [ 7 ][ 8 ] In their normal state, they are cushions that help with stool control. [ 2 ] They become a disease when swollen or inflamed; the unqualified term hemorrhoid is often used to refer to the disease. [ 8 ]
During an episode, the patient feels spasm-like, sometimes excruciating, pain in the rectum or anus, often misinterpreted as a need to defecate. To be diagnosed as proctalgia fugax, the pain must arise de novo (meaning the absence of clear cause). As such, pain associated with constipation (either chronic, or acute), penetrative anal ...
Complications from constipation may include hemorrhoids, anal fissure or fecal impaction. [4] The normal frequency of bowel movements in adults is between three per day and three per week. [4] Babies often have three to four bowel movements per day while young children typically have two to three per day. [8] Constipation has many causes. [4]
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