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  2. Potassium nitrate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_nitrate

    Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with a sharp, salty, bitter taste and the chemical formula K N O 3. It is an ionic salt of potassium ions K + and nitrate ions NO 3−, and is therefore an alkali metal nitrate. It occurs in nature as a mineral, niter (or nitre outside the US). [ 5 ]

  3. Bond-dissociation energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond-dissociation_energy

    The bond-dissociation energy (BDE, D0, or DH°) is one measure of the strength of a chemical bond A−B. It can be defined as the standard enthalpy change when A−B is cleaved by homolysis to give fragments A and B, which are usually radical species. [ 1 ][ 2 ] The enthalpy change is temperature-dependent, and the bond-dissociation energy is ...

  4. Ionic strength - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_strength

    The ionic strength of a solution is a measure of the concentration of ions in that solution. Ionic compounds, when dissolved in water, dissociate into ions. The total electrolyte concentration in solution will affect important properties such as the dissociation constant or the solubility of different salts. One of the main characteristics of a ...

  5. Bond energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_energy

    Bond energy. In chemistry, bond energy (BE) is one measure of the strength of a chemical bond. It is sometimes called the mean bond, bond enthalpy, average bond enthalpy, or bond strength. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] IUPAC defines bond energy as the average value of the gas-phase bond-dissociation energy (usually at a temperature of 298.15 K) for all bonds ...

  6. Chemical bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bond

    A chemical bond is the association of atoms or ions to form molecules, crystals, and other structures. The bond may result from the electrostatic force between oppositely charged ions as in ionic bonds or through the sharing of electrons as in covalent bonds, or some combination of these effects.

  7. Ionic bonding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_bonding

    Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, or between two atoms with sharply different electronegativities, [ 1 ] and is the primary interaction occurring in ionic compounds. It is one of the main types of bonding, along with covalent bonding and metallic bonding.

  8. Born–Haber cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born–Haber_cycle

    The cycle is concerned with the formation of an ionic compound from the reaction of a metal (often a Group I or Group II element) with a halogen or other non-metallic element such as oxygen. Born–Haber cycles are used primarily as a means of calculating lattice energy (or more precisely enthalpy [note 1]), which cannot otherwise be measured ...

  9. Chemical polarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_polarity

    Two charges are present with a negative charge in the middle (red shade), and a positive charge at the ends (blue shade). In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.