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  2. Pangaea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangaea

    Pangaea or Pangea (/ p æ n ˈ dʒ iː. ə /) [1] was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. [2] It assembled from the earlier continental units of Gondwana , Euramerica and Siberia during the Carboniferous approximately 335 million years ago, and began to break apart about 200 million years ago, at the ...

  3. Laurasia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurasia

    They split in two groups, with one returning to Gondwana (and stayed there after Pangaea split) while the other staying in Laurasia (until further descendants switched to Gondwana starting from the Jurassic). In the early Eocene a peak in global warming led to a pan-Arctic fauna with alligators and amphibians present north of the Arctic Circle.

  4. Opening of the North Atlantic Ocean - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opening_of_the_North...

    Opening of Central and North Atlantic from 170 Ma to the present. The opening of the North Atlantic Ocean is a geological event that has occurred over millions of years, during which the supercontinent Pangea broke up. As modern-day Europe (Eurasian Plate) and North America (North American Plate) separated during the final breakup of Pangea in ...

  5. Plate tectonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics

    Plate tectonics (from Latin tectonicus, from Ancient Greek τεκτονικός (tektonikós) 'pertaining to building') [ 1 ] is the scientific theory that Earth 's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago. [ 2 ][ 3 ][ 4 ] The model builds on the concept of continental ...

  6. Continental drift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_drift

    Continental drift is the theory, originating in the early 20th century, that Earth's continents move or drift relative to each other over geologic time. [1] The theory of continental drift has since been validated and incorporated into the science of plate tectonics, which studies the movement of the continents as they ride on plates of the Earth's lithosphere.

  7. Rodinia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodinia

    Rodinia (from the Russian родина, rodina, meaning "motherland, birthplace" [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ]) was a Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic supercontinent that assembled 1.26–0.90 billion years ago (Ga) [ 4 ] and broke up 750–633 million years ago (Ma). [ 5 ] Valentine & Moores 1970 were probably the first to recognise a Precambrian ...

  8. Geological history of Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological_history_of_Earth

    After the vigorous convergent plate mountain-building of the late Paleozoic, Mesozoic tectonic deformation was comparatively mild. Nevertheless, the era featured the dramatic rifting of the supercontinent Pangaea. Pangaea gradually split into a northern continent, Laurasia, and a southern continent, Gondwana.

  9. Supercontinent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercontinent

    The plates will be moved towards a geoidal low perhaps where the slab avalanche occurred and pushed away from the geoidal high that can be caused by the plumes or superplumes. This causes the continents to push together to form supercontinents and was evidently the process that operated to cause the early continental crust to aggregate into ...