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  2. 68–95–99.7 rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/68–95–99.7_rule

    In statistics, the 68–95–99.7 rule, also known as the empirical rule, and sometimes abbreviated 3sr, is a shorthand used to remember the percentage of values that lie within an interval estimate in a normal distribution: approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the values lie within one, two, and three standard deviations of the mean, respectively.

  3. Binomial distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_distribution

    The binomial distribution is frequently used to model the number of successes in a sample of size n drawn with replacement from a population of size N. If the sampling is carried out without replacement, the draws are not independent and so the resulting distribution is a hypergeometric distribution, not a binomial one.

  4. Probability distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_distribution

    A probability distribution is a mathematical description of the probabilities of events, subsets of the sample space. The sample space, often represented in notation by Ω ,{\displaystyle \ \Omega \ ,}is the setof all possible outcomesof a random phenomenon being observed. The sample space may be any set: a set of real numbers, a set of ...

  5. Kelly criterion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_criterion

    Example of the optimal Kelly betting fraction, versus expected return of other fractional bets. In probability theory, the Kelly criterion (or Kelly strategy or Kelly bet) is a formula for sizing a sequence of bets by maximizing the long-term expected value of the logarithm of wealth, which is equivalent to maximizing the long-term expected geometric growth rate.

  6. Normal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution

    In probability theory and statistics, a normal distribution or Gaussian distribution is a type of continuous probability distribution for a real-valued random variable. The general form of its probability density function is f ( x ) = 1 2 π σ 2 e − ( x − μ ) 2 2 σ 2 . {\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi \sigma ^{2}}}}e^{-{\frac ...

  7. Taylor expansions for the moments of functions of random ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_expansions_for_the...

    In probability theory, it is possible to approximate the moments of a function f of a random variable X using Taylor expansions, provided that f is sufficiently differentiable and that the moments of X are finite. A simulation-based alternative to this approximation is the application of Monte Carlo simulations.

  8. Cumulative distribution function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulative_distribution...

    In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a real-valued random variable , or just distribution function of , evaluated at , is the probability that will take a value less than or equal to . 1. Every probability distribution supported on the real numbers, discrete or "mixed" as well as continuous, is ...

  9. Chebyshev's inequality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chebyshev's_inequality

    For example, it can be used to prove the weak law of large numbers. Its practical usage is similar to the 68–95–99.7 rule , which applies only to normal distributions . Chebyshev's inequality is more general, stating that a minimum of just 75% of values must lie within two standard deviations of the mean and 88.89% within three standard ...

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