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It is a proposition that is unconditionally false (i.e., a self-contradictory proposition). [2][3]This can be generalized to a collection of propositions, which is then said to "contain" a contradiction. History. [edit] By creation of a paradox, Plato's Euthydemusdialogue demonstrates the need for the notion of contradiction.
In logic, the law of non-contradiction (LNC) (also known as the law of contradiction, principle of non-contradiction (PNC), or the principle of contradiction) states that contradictory propositions cannot both be true in the same sense at the same time, e. g. the two propositions " p is the case " and " p is not the case " are mutually exclusive.
A paradox is a logically self-contradictory statement or a statement that runs contrary to one's expectation. [ 1 ][ 2 ] It is a statement that, despite apparently valid reasoning from true or apparently true premises, leads to a seemingly self-contradictory or a logically unacceptable conclusion. [ 3 ][ 4 ] A paradox usually involves ...
Law of thought. The laws of thought are fundamental axiomatic rules upon which rational discourse itself is often considered to be based. The formulation and clarification of such rules have a long tradition in the history of philosophy and logic. Generally they are taken as laws that guide and underlie everyone's thinking, thoughts ...
Since every statement has the contradictory opposite (its negation), and since a contradicting statement is true when its opposite is false, it follows that the opposites of contraries (which the medievals called subcontraries, subcontrariae) can both be true, but they cannot both be false. Since subcontraries are negations of universal ...
More broadly, proof by contradiction is any form of argument that establishes a statement by arriving at a contradiction, even when the initial assumption is not the negation of the statement to be proved. In this general sense, proof by contradiction is also known as indirect proof, proof by assuming the opposite, [2] and reductio ad impossibile.
Dialetheism. Dialetheism (/ daɪəˈlɛθiɪzəm /; from Greek δι- di- 'twice' and ἀλήθεια alḗtheia 'truth') is the view that there are statements that are both true and false. More precisely, it is the belief that there can be a true statement whose negation is also true. Such statements are called "true contradictions ...
Confirmation bias (also confirmatory bias, myside bias, [ a ] or congeniality bias[ 2 ]) is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values. [ 3 ] People display this bias when they select information that supports their views, ignoring contrary information ...