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An acentric chromosome is fragment of a chromosome that lacks a centromere. Since centromeres are the attachment point for spindle fibers in cell division, acentric fragments are not evenly distributed to daughter cells during cell division. As a result, a daughter cell will lack the acentric fragment and deleterious consequences could occur.
A dicentric chromosome is an abnormal chromosome with two centromeres. It is formed through the fusion of two chromosome segments, each with a centromere, resulting in the loss of acentric fragments (lacking a centromere) and the formation of dicentric fragments. [1] The formation of dicentric chromosomes has been attributed to genetic ...
An aster is a cellular structure shaped like a star, consisting of a centrosome and its associated microtubules during the early stages of mitosis in an animal cell. [ 1 ]: 221 Asters do not form during mitosis in plants. Astral rays, composed of microtubules, radiate from the centrosphere and look like a cloud.
Neocentromere. A summary of the types of breakages and subsequent rearrangements that lead to the formation of neocentromeres. Neocentromeres are new centromeres that form at a place on the chromosome that is usually not centromeric. They typically arise due to disruption of the normal centromere. [1] These neocentromeres should not be confused ...
During cell division, the identical copies (called a "sister chromatid pair") are joined at the region called the centromere (2). Once the paired sister chromatids have separated from one another (in the anaphase of mitosis) each is known as a daughter chromosome. The short arm of the right chromatid (3), and the long arm of the right chromatid ...
CENPA is a protein which epigenetically defines the position of the centromere on each chromosome, [ 7 ] determining the position of kinetochore assembly and the final site of sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis. This proteins is frequently accompanied by "centrochromatin"-associated changes to canonical histones and is constitutively ...
In cell biology, the centrosome (Latin centrum 'center' + Greek sōma 'body') (archaically cytocentre [ 1 ]) is an organelle that serves as the main microtubule organizing center (MTOC) of the animal cell, as well as a regulator of cell-cycle progression. The centrosome provides structure for the cell. The centrosome is thought to have evolved ...
Centromere protein B is a highly conserved protein that facilitates centromereformation. It is a DNA-binding protein that is derived from transposases of the pogo DNA transposon family. It contains a helix-loop-helix DNA binding motif at the N-terminus and a dimerization domain at the C-terminus. The DNA binding domain recognizes and binds a 17 ...