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Definition. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke defines reading disability or dyslexia as follows: "Dyslexia is a brain-based type of learning disability that specifically impairs a person's ability to read. These individuals typically read at levels significantly lower than expected despite having normal intelligence.
Hyperlexia is a syndrome characterized by a child 's precocious ability to read. It was initially identified by Norman E. Silberberg and Margaret C. Silberberg (1967), who defined it as the precocious ability to read words without prior training in learning to read, typically before the age of five. They indicated that children with hyperlexia ...
Childhood dementia is a group of rare neurodegenerative conditions that lead to progressive cognitive and physical decline in children. It affects mental function, causing the loss of previously acquired developmental skills such as walking, talking, and reasoning. This umbrella term includes over 100 distinct disorders, many of which are ...
Dyslexia, previously known as word blindness, is a learning disability ('learning difficulty' in the UK [6]) that affects either reading or writing. [1][7] Different people are affected to different degrees. [3] Problems may include difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words, "sounding out" words in the head, pronouncing ...
Orthographic dyslexia, a subtype of dyslexia, results in difficulty decoding and encoding skills due to slow and inaccurate rates of storing word and letter formations into memory. Orthographic dyslexics have difficulty in storing mental representation of words, especially phonetically irregular words such as word spellings that end in -ight ...
Pure alexia, also known as agnosic alexia or alexia without agraphia or pure word blindness, is one form of alexia which makes up "the peripheral dyslexia" group. [1] Individuals who have pure alexia have severe reading problems while other language-related skills such as naming, oral repetition, auditory comprehension or writing are typically ...
Dysgraphia is a neurological disorder [2] and learning disability that concerns impairments in written expression, which affects the ability to write, primarily handwriting, but also coherence. It is a specific learning disability (SLD) as well as a transcription disability, meaning that it is a writing disorder associated with impaired ...
Semantic dyslexia is, as the name suggests, a subtype of the group of known as alexia (acquired dyslexia). Those who have semantic dyslexia are unable to properly attach words to their meanings in reading or speech. When confronted with the word " ", they may understand it as " ", "shiny" or "diamonds"; when asking for a , they may ask for some ...
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